+4 
So far as I know, the life history of E’mpoasca mali has not been’ 
thoroughly worked out. As far as the apple is concerned, it would 
appear that the egg is laid by the adult in the tissue of the leaf, for 
~ young of such a tender age as to preclude the possibility of their 
having migrated after hatching are found on the under side of the 
leaf. In the absence of conclusive evidence, however, I hesitate to 
regard the above probability in the hght of a fact. As vou all know, 
the leaves of nursery trees, as well as the more tender leaves in or- 
chards, are curled by this pest, and the growth of the tree checked for 
the time being. Last summer in Minnesota the insects began their 
work early in July and soon grew very abundant. 
Mr. Stedman, of Missouri, who was present at the meeting in St. 
Louis, chanced to remark upon his work along this line in his State. 
This coincidence was a great help to me, for I at once proceeded to 
get suggestions from him, which were most cheerfully given. The 
general plan of his spraying machine I carried home with me, find- 
ing, upon considering the matter, that this plan should be changed 
somewhat to better subserve our purpose in Minnesota. 
It is to be noted that 3- and 4-year-old trees in Minnesota are not 
as tall as they are in Missouri, hence we were not obliged to have 
the cart quite so high above the ground. We found it best. also, 
to bring the container off the platform which stood above the wheels 
in order to make the cart more stable. The wheels of this cart are 
53. feet in diameter, with +-inch tires, and the platform, which is 
S by 44 feet in size, is 14 inches above the wheels and firmly bal- 
anced on the axle, so that practically all the weight comes on the 
axle and not on the horse. 
A glance at the accompanying illustration (fig. 2) will give one 
an idea of the details. The pipe (/) is a l-inch pipe 10 feet lone. 
On this pipe four nozzles are attached, pointing directly downward 
and so placed as to be 34 feet distant from each other. This spacing 
brings each of the nozzles directly over a nursery row, where, as in 
Minnesota, the rows are usually 34 feet apart. This pipe can be 
raised or lowered mechanically to suit high or low trees. The hori- 
zontal pipe (C’) is 14 feet long and projects 10 inches back of the 
platform, thus clearing the wheels. The five verticals from this pipe 
(#) are made of 2-inch piping, 5 feet + inches long, and there is also 
a 34-foot space between these. The crosspieces at the bottom are so 
arranged that a nozzle in each end of each piece points up at an 
angle of about 45°. This spacing and arrangement of the nozzles 
on both pipes results In a copious spray coming both from above 
upon the tops of the trees and from below against the lower surface 
of the leaves—the latter, as you know, being very important. In 
actual practice the trees are completely surrounded by a fine spray, 
