ib 
the annual saving, to the producers of the crops mentioned, resulting 
directly or indirectly from the efforts of economic entomologists: 
TABLE II.—Values of certain crops in the United States, and the percentage and 
value of the increased production due to economic entomology. 
Percent. 
age of in- . 
Class of crops. Value in 1899. | creased | Value ee aye 
produc- | ; 
tion. | 
Orchard russes 2 el se cokes rapa eae ep er Sy ee PERC | $83, 751, 840 | 25 $20, 937, 960 
Grapes sss se BA) ks rey IO ee yates ee Re Salat ese aap eee | 14, 090, 937 20 | 2,818, 187 
Subtropical fits 25.2 ae Soe ee ee ee ego een nee 8,549, 863 10 | 854, 986 
rnekicropsiandismalleiruttS ee an oe eee | 98, 894, 319 20 | 19, 778, 863 
CLET Siz ISON eee ee el Ue A eee ea 5 A a RES Des a 8 IG WE | 1,484,231, 038 5 74, 211,551 
Cocvon ae eek Bk Se se Le Dee ee a ae ee eee | 370, 708, 746 | 10 | 37,070, 874 
Rotalanni alan Crease meee ee te eee eee ee eee \E eee aaa pao oe ae ee 155, 672, 421 
Notwithstanding the progress which has been made in reducing 
loss from insects, this loss, by reason of our increased plantings of 
crops of all kinds, continues to be very great. Estimates have been 
made from time to time indicating, in dollars and cents, the losses 
caused by one or more species over a greater or less territory. Re- 
cently, interesting comparisons have been made by Professors Webster 
and Slingerland of losses to crops in certain States and the country 
at large as compared with the amounts of money required for the 
support of our various institutions. Thus we are told that the 
annual loss occasioned by insects in the United States amounts to 
more than is required for all educational purposes; nearly twice as 
much as is required for the support of our Army and Navy; over 
twice the losses from fire, and hearly three times the estimated value 
of the products of all fruit orchards, vineyards, and small fruit farms 
in our country. 
Careful estimates have shown that the total annual loss from insect 
depredations in the United States at the present time is not less than 
$300,000,000. In the face of such figures it would appear that we 
have scarcely entered the threshold of achievement in conquering 
injurious species. It may not, however, be argued from the figures 
given that little has thus far been accomplished. It will be remem- 
bered that vears-ago, in 1860, insect losses in the country at large 
were placed by Walsh at not less than $300,000,000 annually. If 
these estimates are correct the losses appear to have been held sta- 
tionary, notwithstanding our great agricultural development during 
the forty years intervening. Present-day estimates are based on a 
10 per cent reduction of all crops by the combined attack of the vari- 
ous species which prey upon them. In Walsh’s time the percentage 
of injury must have been much higher, as determined by the value of 
farm products at that time. 
