DISCUSSION OF RESULTS. 
A glance at the percentage column shows that the effective rem- 
edies stand out prominently. They are kerosene emulsion in 
strengths of over 10 per cent and whale-oil soap at the rate of 1 
pound to the gallon. Tobacco-stem decoction and lime-sulphur- 
salt wash appeared to be ineffective. The lime-sulphur-salt wash 
was especially disappointing. After several weeks the scales under 
it appeared bright and healthy, and it almost seemed as if they 
enjoyed the protection of an extra covering during the cold weather. 
The insects take little or no nourishment during the winter and 
might thus be able to withstand for a time an application which 
deprived them of their food supply. 
As a result of these experiments kerosene emulsion in strengths of 
1 to 6 or 1 to 8 was recommended. Applications were made by the 
park authorities on April 16. The trees were examined on May 13 
by Professor Gillette, who made the following note: 
Where Mr. Smith applied Kerosene emulsion that was one-sixth kerosene 
the scales appeared to be all dead over the greater portion of the trees. Some 
limbs have scattering living scales and oceasionally limbs were found where 
the scaies were quite abundant. From the fact that the lice are all dead in 
places where they were very abundant, it seems evident to me that the living 
lice were those that were not well treated. Mr. Smith was also of the same 
Opinion. 
The entire park was not sprayed last winter, and as a result the 
infested trees have deluged the whole grove with the scale. Treat- 
ment is being made at this writing with kerosene emulsion in the 
streneth of one-sixth kerosene. Judging from twigs sent to the 
laboratory, the application is all that could be desired, the scales all 
being killed. 
Some scales will doubtless be missed by the spray, but these can 
be trimmed out as soon as the wax becomes conspicuous in the spring 
and before the eggs have hatched. 
In the absence of the author, the following paper was read by the 
secretary : 
SOME EXPERIENCES WITH PULVINARIA. 
By Howarp Evarts WEED, Chicago, Ill. 
The entomological literature regarding Pulvinaria innumerabilis 
Rathv. contains so many misleading statements that it is certainly 
time for attention to be called to them. The two principal misstate- 
