98 
tion consisted entirely of small trees and these were seriously affected. 
ixamination of trees on neighboring farms showed that frequently as 
much as 56 per cent of the leaves were affected and that those plants 
growing in the shade, or very clese together, were more seriously 
affected than those in the open. However, the small trees upon the 
experiment station farm were suffering more than the large trees 
upon the neighboring farms. 
LIFE HISTORY. 
The adult insect is about 2.5 millimeters in length and of a silver- 
gray color, tipped with black on the posterior end. When not in 
flight the wings are folded close to the body. The length of life in 
the adult stage is probably not more than forty-eight hours, and it is 
improbable that the insect travels to any great distance, unless carried 
by air currents. Within twenty-four hours after emerging from the 
pupa the female insect punctures the upper surface of the young leaf 
and deposits her eggs. In fact the adults usually emerge from the 
pupa during the mght and deposit their eggs during the following 
mght. It is possible with the unaided eye to see the small slits in the 
leaves, and they are clearly visible with the aid of a small hand lens. 
Within four or five days small black spots surrounding the punctures 
make them clearly visible to the unaided eye and indicate that the 
egos have hatched and that the larve are working within the meso- 
phyll of the leaf. The larva lives within the mesophyll of the leaf 
for about three weeks, causing large, black, irregular spots, which indi- 
cate the area through which the mesophyll has been destroyed. Fre- 
quently the punctures are so close together that the galleries become 
united into one very large area. In some cases every leaf on a plant 
is affected and many of them are entirely destroyed. Young trees 
are often entirely defoliated. 
After about three weeks within the leaf, the larve cut their way out 
through the upper epidermis and in a very short time seek a protected 
place on the under surface of the leaf and pupate. The larve are 3 
to 4 millimeters in length, and in pupating first weave a delicate web 
in the form of a letter H with a very broad crossbar. Between this 
web and the surface of the leaf the small pupa is formed. The web 
and the pupa are very delicate and are so placed on the under surface 
of the leaf that they are protected from the excessive rains of the 
rainy season. Within three to seven days the adult moth comes from 
the pupa, and the life cycle is complete. 
TREATMENT. 
The location of the larva within the leaf makes any treatment at 
this stage practically impossible. However, the delicate character 
of the pupa furnishes a vital point for attack, and experiments were 
