104 
others perhaps to be regarded only as subvarieties or even to be looked 
upon as mere artificial breeds—have been obtained and tested, there 
still remain great regions yet to be explored in this respect. The 
honey bee is believed not to have been a native of the New World, so 
that in the unexplored portions of South America no varieties nor 
new species of the genera Apis, Megapis, nor Micrapis are to be 
looked for. The interior regions of Africa may yet present some new 
types. It is possible, although hardly probable, that Australia may 
possess some. The field in the East Indian Islands, however, is far 
nore promising, while the great central regions of Asia have not been 
touched. 
IMPORTATIONS OF VARIOUS BREEDS. 
The first importations of bees were doubtless made from England 
in early colonial times, and perhaps from Holland and Spain. These 
were the common black or brown bees so generally spread throughout 
the Eastern States previous to the middle of the last century, but 
which only reached the Pacific coast in the fifties. They were fol- 
lowed by the introduction, in the early sixties, of the yellow race 
from Italy, imported by,the United States Department of Agricul- 
ture. Then followed, in 1880, Cyprian, Syrian, and Palestine 
bees, brought from their respective native lands by the writer and 
Mr. D. A. Jones, of Canada. In 1883 the peculiar type known as 
“ Carniolan ” bees, from the province of Carniola, in southwestern 
Austria, was introduced in large numbers by the writer. A few 
queens of this race had reached this country some years before, but 
they were not multiphed to any extent, hence the race had gained no 
hold here previous to my own extensive importations of 1883. 
Just as happened in the case of the Carniolans, a small number 
of Caucasians had reached America a decade or more before their 
extensive introduction; but, quite in the same manner as occurred 
with the earlier importations of Carniolans, the efforts attracted no. 
general attention and the cultivation of Caucasians was neglected, 
resulting, of course, in their complete disappearance. About 1900, 
however, Rauchfuss Brothers, of Colorado, with the assistance of Ger- 
man shippers, made fresh importations. The writer’s importations 
direct from the Caucasus followed these, and last year the United 
States Department of Agriculture, at my suggestion, imported still 
more. As yet, however, the Caucasians exist in America in but lim- 
ited numbers. 
QUALITIES OF THESE TYPES. 
Common black or brown bees—This familiar type possesses some 
excellent traits, such as hardiness, willingness to enter surplus honey 
receptacles, and activity during abundant honey flows; but, united 
with these traits, is a greater disposition to rob during times of 
