JOT. 
mental and strong characteristics, as regards honey-gathering powers, 
prolificness, energy, and general activity, which are inherent in this 
race. Yet, in accomphshing the result just indicated, it was particu- 
larly desirable to avoid the extreme irritability of the eastern type. 
A series of experiments was begun by the writer in the years 1883-84 
in Munich, Germany, and continued in subsequent years in Carniola, 
Austria, looking to the production of a type which should possess the 
traits just indicated. After many crosses between the queens and 
drones of each race, starting at times with the Cyprian and again 
with the Carniolan, it seemed apparent that the temper and consti- 
tution were largely derived from the male side, while prolificness 
and energy in honey production seemed likely to be transmitted from 
the female side. The proposition was, therefore, laid down that in 
all crosses the drones must come from a gentle, hardy race, while the 
mothers were to be selected from a race noted for prolificness, early 
breeding qualities, and whose worker bees showed the highest energy 
in honey collecting. As representing, at that time, the two types 
which had best be utilized in this combination the Cyprians were 
selected. for the blood of the queens and the Carniolans to produce 
the males; the resulting product, in order to indicate its origin, was 
named the Cyprio-Carniolan. Since the year 1885 these bees have 
been bred and tested under most varying conditions, with the result 
that wherever the principles above mentioned have been followed 
in their selection and breeding they have given great satisfaction as 
to the quantity of honey obtained. Indeed, a practical honey pro- 
ducer in southern California stated recently that, while he was 
obliged to feed his Italian bees during this dry year to keep them 
from starving, the crosses obtained with the Cyprian race had some 
30 to 40 pounds in each of their colonies. In form and coloration 
the Cyprio-Carniolans approach more nearly the Cyprian type than 
the Carniolan. Likewise in their manner of flight and many other 
peculiarities they resemble the Cyprians; but in hardiness and, to a 
great extent, in temper, particularly in their readiness to yield to 
smoke, they resemble, to quite a degree, the Carniolan race. 
These experiments, which have been carried on in recent years in 
my private aplaries in and near the city of Washington, have fre- 
quently enabled me to secure considerable material illustrating vari- 
ability in the crossing of different types; and this has been of some 
service, also, to various workers in zoology who have taken up 
problems of this nature. 
FUTURE WORK. 
In view of the results obtained by the use of males of a gentler race, 
the plan is, during the coming year, to utilize in this respect the newly 
imported Caucasians, producing thus the Cyprio-Caucasian type and 
