16 MISC. PUBLICATION 344, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
liable to confusion anteriorly with similar but smaller ventral submarginal 
ducts. Intermediate dorsal tubular macroducts present, 1 to 5 above each anteri- 
or lateral paragenital cluster, 1 to 7 before these on anterior edge of dorsal 
general sclerotized area of pygidium, and O to 6 on preceding segment; ocea- 
sionally (e. g., in some North African specimens) 2 or 8 such ducts above pos- 
terior lateral paragenital cluster somewhat suggesting the normal condition 
in cinerea. No cicatrices on dorsum of first abdominal segment or elsewhere, 
and no small isolated sclerotized flecks observed on dorsum of pygidium. Apical 
2 pairs of lobes similar, broad and stout, deeply notched once on exterior margin ; 
median largest, third smallest; median perhaps normally notched distinctly 
but net deeply on inner margin, second notched faintly on inner margin, third 
with inner margin Slightly Sinuate, but all traces of internal notching or sinua- 
tion often completely wanting; fourth and sometimes fifth and sixth lobes repre- 
sented by slight but definitely sclerotized projections of the pygidial margin, 
each having its margin drawn out into a broad spur, approximately centrally 
located rather than near the inner edge as in some other species, this margin, 
in addition, more or less distinctly serrated; the anterior or sixth pair of lobes 
often membranous projections only. Plates between posterior three pairs of lobes 
elongate, roughly parallel-sided, slender, but with apices hardly exceeding notch 
in lobe bounding inner side of any group of plates; plate apices unequally fim- 
briate or toothed, but without a single conspicuously longer projection ; the usual 
number, 2 between median and between first lateral and median lobes, 3 between 
second and third lobes, and apparently with 4 plates between third and fourth 
lobes; but this appearance, so far as can be determined, due to the development 
in the intermediate plate of a deep median cleft or split extending to or almost 
to the body margin,’ with 5 or 6 plates between fourth and fifth lobes and be- 
tween fifth and sixth when this last is developed; plates continuing onto first 
abdominal segment, this usually with one at its posterior corner; all these plates 
broader than those first described, obscurely dentate or fimbriate apically and 
varying basally from somewhat constricted to somewhat widened. Paragenitals 
usually in 5 well-developed groups, the anterior median sometimes much reduced 
or wanting; tabulated ranges as follows: Anterior median 0 to 7, average 3; 
anterior lateral, range 10' to 29, average 19.5; posterior laterals, range 10 to 21, 
average 15; totals, range 45 to 100, average 72. 
The combination of heavy pygidial lobes, deeply notched once ex- 
ternally, numerous dorsal submarginal ducts and paragenitals, the 
latter usually in five groups, dorsal intermediate tubular “macroduets, 
and, above all, the cleft intermediate plate between the third and 
fourth lobes adequately separates this species from all the others here 
considered. 
This species, under its accepted name or its authenticated synonyms, 
has been reported in literature from many hosts and localities, these 
published reports indicating a wide distribution throughout the coun- 
tries bordering the Mediterranean and through Asia Minor into India. 
There are isolated reports of unchecked validity from Argentina, 
Brazil, China, and New South Wales, and the species has been posi- 
tively reported in the United States from Maryland, Arizona, and 
California. The lst of hosts is large and growing, with economic 
species and varieties of Rosaceae the most strongly represented of any 
plant groups. Extensive host lists are included in the papers by 
Nichol and Wehrle (45, pp. 225-227) and Koronéos (30, pp. 31-32). 
Host-plant genera that have been noted in literature include, in Ana- 
cardaceae, Mangifera, Pistacia, Rhus, Schinus; 11 Anonaceae, Sacco- 
petalum, in Apocynaceae, Carissa, Nerium, Vinca; in Aquifohiaceae, 
Tlew; in Avaliaceae, Hedera; in Berberidaceae, Berberis; in Bignonia- 
ceae, Bignonia, C amMosis, Kigelia; m Cae acone. Cactus; Caprifoli- 
aceae, Viburnum; in Caryophyllaceae, Dianthus; in Elaeagnaceae, 
7 Among the several hundred specimens of this species that have been examined, this 
plate was found in the uncleft condition characteristic of other species only onee, and 
then on only one side of the specimen, 
