f 
THE MOSQUITOES OF THE SOUTHEASTERN STATES 39 
Anopheles crucians is the common fresh-water form in the South- 
eastern States. In low coastal-plain areas it is frequently the predomi- 
nating anopheline, but elsewhere is usually limited in abundance and 
distribution. Its range extends up the Atlantic coast to Massachu- 
setts and westward into southern Illinois, central Oklahoma, and 
Texas, with an isolated occurrence in the Pecos Valley, N. Mex. (100). 
It also occurs on the east coast of Mexico and in some of the Caribbean 
regions. 
Although this species is susceptible to infection with malaria para- 
sites, it is not known to be of serious importance in the transmission of 
malaria; in fact, the evidence at present points to the contrary. The 
species frequently bites out of doors at night or even during the day 
in the woods. The adults also enter houses, but at Mound, La., they 
were always found in a much smaller percentage of the total numbers 
present than was the case with Anopheles quadrimaculatus. In the 
vicinity of Lake Apopka in central Florida, where crucians becomes 
extremely abundant, the number taken out of doors at night while they 
were attempting to bite has repeatedly been very small in comparison 
with the total numbers present as indicated by light-trap coliections. 
Observations made by the senior author in New Orleans indicate that | 
this species may migrate for several miles when an unusual production 
occurs. MacCreary and Stearns (7/4) obtained specimens at two 
lighthouses in Delaware Bay, one 3.2 miles from the nearest shore and 
the other 5.5 miles. Since both these localities are near the coast, it 
is not certain whether the species represented was crucians or bradleyi. 
The principal recognition characters for the female of this anophe- 
line and the two related species are the three dark spots on the anal vein 
and the dark-scaled front margin of the wing (pl.5, 4A). The palpi are 
ringed with white. The larva of crucians is distinguished from all 
other American Anopheles by the fact that the anterior submedian 
hair (hair 0) is well developed on several of the abdominal segments 
and the antepalmate hair on segments 4 and 5 is also multiple-branched. 
ANOPHELES BRADLEYI King 
(Syn., A. erucians var. bradleyi King: A. crucians, coastal or salt-water form) 
This form was first mentioned by Root in 1924 (734) and was more 
fully described by Bradley in 1932 (30) as the “coastal variety” of 
Anopheles crucians. The species is now known to occur along the 
Atlantic and Gulf coasts from Maryland to Vera Cruz, Mexico (100). 
The localities in the Southeastern States from which it has been re- 
ported from larval identifications are Buras, La., Coden, Ala., Parris 
Island, S. C., various counties in Florida (30,000), and Grand Bayou 
(74) and Saint Bernard Parish, La. (47). 
Anopheles bradleyi has been found only in brackish water near the 
coast, and water of a low concentration of salt (about 1.5 percent or 
less) appears to be preferred. The larvae have been taken with 
Anopheles atropos at the higher concentrations and with the typical 
crucians when the water was nearly fresh. The larvae were first 
collected in Florida in large roadside ditches near the Saint Johns 
River in Brevard County and have been found there repeatedly upon 
subsequent examinations. They were taken in aquatic grass and 
