54 MISC. PUBLICATION 336, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
PSOROPHORA COLUMBIAE (D. and K.)° 
(Syn., Janthinosoma fioridense D. and K., and Culex jamaicensis Dyar (not Theob.), in 
part; the Florida glades mosquito) 
The Florida glades mosquito breeds in temporary pools of rain 
water and occurs commonly throughout the Southeast. It is most 
abundant in the Florida Everglades, where it occasionally appears in 
enormous swarms and has caused large losses of livestock by its 
attacks (77). During these outbreaks it is almost impossible for 
humans to remain out of doors at night or in sheltered places during 
the day without some protection. Workers in sugarcane fields some- 
times protect themselves by means of smudge pots, and large smudges 
are employed for the relief of stock. The problem in the Florida 
Everglades has not been thoroughly investigated, and the possibilities 
of contro] have not been determined, although breeding would appear 
to be too widespread to offer much encouragement to any efforts in 
this direction. The species also develops abundantly from grassy 
swales and depressions in other parts of Florida. During 1936, ~ when 
conditions were not generally favorable for the production of Aedes 
taeniorhynchus, Pso orophora columbiae was the predominant species 
along both the east and west coasts in the southern half of the State. 
The writers have observed the species in fairly large numbers in 
Louisiana, but it was seldom annoying there. Thibault (242) re- 
ported it as being annoying near its breeding place and troublesome 
to livestock in Arkansas. Horsfall (79, 80) found it developing in 
large numbers in rice fields in the same State. 
Psorophora columbiae adults are fairly large and dark, with the 
proboscis and tarsi conspicuously banded. The thorax and legs are 
speckled with white, and the femora have a narrow white ring near 
the apex. The abdomen has diffuse pale scalmg, which tends to con- 
centrate on the middle and posterior parts of the segments. 
PSOROPHORA CILIATA (F.) 
(Syn., P. ctiftes Dyar; the shaggy-legged gallinipper) 
This is a very large, yellowish-black mosquito with heavily scaled 
legs and a median longitudinal stripe of yellow scales on the meso- 
notum (figs. 2, B, and 12,H). It breeds in temporary rain pools, and 
its larvae ‘feed on those of other mosquitoes, especially Psorophora co- 
lumbiae. It is a severe biter, is widely distributed in the South and 
East, and at times becomes fairly abundant. Notes on the breeding 
habits of this and the following species were published by Morgan 
and Dupree in 1903 (129). 
PSOROPHORA HOWARDII (Cogq.)} 
(Howard’s gallinipper) 
This large, bluish-black mosquito is commonly associated with 
Psorophora ciliata in the Southeastern States, but is usually less 
abundant. Its habits are similar to those of ciliata, and the larvae 
feed on those of other species or on each other. They have also been 
*In a recently published paper (AITKEN, T. H. G. THE GENUS PSOROPHORA IN CALIFORNIA 
(DIPTERA, CULICIDAE). Rev. de Ent. 11: 672-682, illus. 1940) Psorophora columbiae 
is considered to be a synonym of P. conjinnis (L.-Arr.). 
