30 MISC. PUBLICATION 336, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
le? to the resting surface (fig. 9, @), while the head and proboscis are 
bent downward at an angle to the body. The larvae of Anopheles 
are easily recognized by the absence of a breathing tube and by their 
usual feeding position (fig. 10, 4) parallel to the water surface. 
Other mosquito larvae have an elongated breathing tube and while at 
the surface hang down- 
ward with only the tip 
of the tube penetrating 
the surface film (fig. 10, 
B). Anophelines have 
tufts of modified hairs, 
called palmate hairs, on 
the upper side of the 
abdominal segments, by 
which they suspend 
themselves just below 
and parallel to the sur- 
face. While they are in 
this position the head is 
rotated for feeding 
until the mouth parts 
are uppermost, and the 
food is taken from or 
near the surface film. 
In the pupal stage the 
breathing tubes are 
short and widely flared 
as compared with those 
of other mosquitoes 
(fig. 11). The wings 
of all the typically 
Nearctic species of 
Anopheles, including 
A. maculipennis Meig., 
which is not known to 
the Southeastern 
States, are shown in 
plate 5. 
To this genus belong 
the mosquitoes that 
transmit malaria to 
human beings, and all 
except one (A. georqi- 
anus) of the species 
listed for the South- 
FiguRE 9.—Resting positions of mosquitoes: A and eastern States have 
B, Anopheles; C, Culex. been proved susceptible 
to infection with the 
parasites of this disease. However, Anopheles quadrimaculatus is 
considered to be by far the most important species concerned in the 
transmission of the disease in this region. The others either are too 
rare or their blood-feeding habits appear to be such that they are 
seldom of importance as carriers. These conclusions are based on the 
