86 



MISC. PUBLICATION 273. U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



Other very similar species of Recurvaria attack loclgepole pine in 

 Oregon and Montana. These differ from the foregoing in having 

 one generation annually. Extensive areas in the Deschutes National 

 Forest have recently been seriously defoliated. 



Another sjDecies. Recurvaria moreoneUa Hein., attacks ponderosa 

 pine needles in southern Oregon on the Klamath Indian Eeservation 

 and occasionally causes heavy loss of foliage. 



The sj^ruce needle miner {Taniva alholineana Kearf.) bores into 

 and mines the needles of Engelmann spruce near the base, webbing 

 them together to form a mat of dead needles held to the twigs by 

 the webs. Sometimes three or four larvae mine a single needle. 

 They do considerable damage at times in Colorado. 



LEAF MINERS 



The leaves of many broaclleaved trees are attacked by the larvae of 

 many_ leaf -eating insects that bore within and feed internally on the 

 leaf tissue. The damage they do is usually insignificant, since these 



trees are able to replace 

 their foliage each year. 

 Insects w i t h the leaf- 

 mining habit belong in 

 the main to the order 

 of the moths and butter- 

 flies (Lepidoptera), but 

 a few beetles (Coleop- 

 tera ) , fl i e s ( Diptera ) , 

 and wasps (Hymenop- 

 tera ) also have this habit. 

 The leaf blotch miners 

 hollow out irregular- 

 shaped mines or blotches 

 between the upper and 

 lower surfaces of leaves. 

 There are many species 

 that work on the leaves 

 o f various western 

 broadleavecl trees. 



The madroiia shield 

 bearer ( C optodisca arhu- 

 tieJlaj Busck) mines the 

 leaves of madroiia and 

 cuts out elliptical holes 

 when constructing t h e 

 23upal cases. Commonly 

 is another leaf-minino; 



FiGUEE 



-Work of an aspen leaf 

 nistis populiella) . 



miner (PJiylloc- 



associated with it in leaves of maclroha _ 



species, Marmara ar^utiella Busck. 



The poplar leaf blotch miner {PhyUonorycter tremidoideUa 

 Braun) attacks the leaves of as23en and poplars and constructs ir- 

 regularly shaped mines between the upper and lower leaf surfaces. 

 It has been reported from California, Idaho, and British Columbia 

 and no doubt has a more extended range. '\"\Tien mature, the larvae 

 change to small black pupae within the mines and then emerge as 



