206 ^^ISC. PUBLICATION 273, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



Borers— C ontinued . 



poplar and willow, 15^. 



roundheaded, 29, 36, 13^-135, 141, 170. 



roundheaded cone, 21. 



roundheaded fir, 135. 



roundheaded wood, 150. 



sculptured pine, H8. 



twig, 35. 



western cedar, H9. 



western larch roundheaded, 135. 



willow, 15^. 



wood, HI. 

 Bostrichid, Stout's, 160. 

 Bostrichidae, 159. 

 Brachyrhinus, 26. 

 Brothyius, 154. 

 Bucculatrix, 87. 

 Bud insects, 29. 

 Budmoth, spruce, 84.. - 

 Budmoths, 8, 44, 78-^6. 

 Budworm — 



black-headed, 81. 



hemlock, 44, 60. 



spruce, 7, 9, 44, 79, 177. 

 Budworms, 78. 

 Bug, spined soldier, 68. 

 Bugs, 24, 44, 170, 176. 

 Buprestid, golden, US. 

 Buprestidae, 35, 132, 147. 

 Buprestids, wood-boring, 150. 

 Buprestis, 148, 149. 

 Burning, light, 66, 169. 

 Butterflies, lycaenid, 161. 

 Butterfly- 

 California tortoise-shell, 166. 



pine, 7, 60, 62. 

 Cacoecia, 79, 82. 

 Callidium, 37, 153. 

 Cameraria, 87. ' 



Camponotus, 28, 161. 

 Carabidae, 170. 

 Carpenter ants, 28, 141, 161. 

 Carpenter bees, 162. 

 Carphoborus, 31, 32. 

 Caterpillars— 



blue-sided tent, 73. 



California tent, 73. 



eastern tent, 73. 



false, 87. 



forest tent, 73. 



Great Basin tent, 73, I64. 



range, I64. 



tent, 72-74, 164. 



twig-boring, 29. 



western tent, 73. 

 Cecidomyiidae, 20, 53, 

 Centipedes, 12. 



Cerambycidae, 35, 36, 134, 150. 

 Chalcids, seed, ^i. 

 Chalcophora, I48. 

 Check, black, 159. 

 Cheilosia, 168, 159. 

 Chermes, 47, 48. 

 Chilopoda, 12. 

 Chionaspis, 60. 

 Chipmunks, 66, 170. 

 Chrysobothris, 36, 150. 

 Chrysomela, 94. 

 Chrysomelidae, 93. 

 Chrysophana,21,36. 

 Chrvsopidae, 170. 

 Cimbex,87,92. 

 Cinara, 28, 46. 

 Clearwing, locust, 140. 

 Clearwing moths, 139, 140. 

 Clerid, 99, 105. 

 Cleridae, 170. 

 Climatic influences, 166. 

 Coccidae, 49. 

 Coccinellidae, 170. 

 Coeioides, 105. • ' 



Coleoptera, 12, 86. 

 Coloradia, 64- 

 Cone insects, 16-22. 

 Conophthorus, 16. 

 Contarinia, 54. 

 Control- 

 advisability of, 195. 



barkbeetle, 179. 

 methods of, I86-194. 



Control— Continued. 



biological, 173. 



chemical, 175. 



costs of, 195. 



defoliator, 59, 176. 



direct, 171. 



introduced pests, 176. 



maintenance, 194, 



natural, 166. 



projects, 184. 



results, 195. 



silvicultural, 172. 



See also Dusting, spraying. 

 Control unit, 184. 

 Coptodisca, 86. 

 Coryneum, 42. 

 Cossidae, 154. 

 Cossonus, 154. 

 Criocephalus, 153. 

 Cryphalus, 32. 

 Cryptorhynchus, I64. 

 Orypturgus, 32, 96. 

 Curculionidae, S3, I64. 

 Cutworms, 7, 23, 26. 

 Cyliene, 136, 154. 

 C^mipidae, 63. 

 Cynipids, 52. 

 Damping-ofl, 23. 

 Decav, 11. 



Defoliation, 9, 58, 120. 

 Defoliators- 

 control of. 175. 



general mention of, 4, 8, 56, 57, 68, 59, 62, 167, 178. 



losses from, 7, 58. 

 Dendrcctonus, 96, 98-110, 111, 115, 118, 119, 120, 126, 



127, 194. 

 Detection surveys, 180. 

 Dicerca, 149. 

 Dicrodiplosis, 54- 

 Dilachnus, 46. 

 Dioryctria, 18, 19, 37, 38, 39, 

 Diplopoda, 12. 

 Diptera, 12, 86, 170. 

 Diseases- 

 insect, 169. 



tree, 2,10, n. 



wilt, 66, 68, 82. 

 Drought, 2, 58, 120, 167. 

 Dryocoetes, 125, 128, 132. 



Dusting, airplane, 59, 64, 66, 71, 77, 81, 89, 178. 

 Dusts, 175, 176, 178. 

 Ehrhornia, 51. 



Elateridae, 26. ■ ^ ■ 



Ellopia, 75, 77. 

 Endemic, 170. 

 Enemies, natural, 66, 169. 

 Engravers- 

 Arizona five-spined, 113. 



beetles. See Beetles, engraver. 



California five-spined, 112. 



California pine, 115. 



Douglas fir, 122. 



fir, 122, 123. 



hemlock, 129. 



larch, 129. 



Monterey pine, 115, 117. 



Oregon pine, 115. 



pine, 110. 



sawtooth pine, 116. 



Sitka spruce, 128. 



smaller western pine, 116. 



western six-spined, nf. 



wood, 117. 

 Enoclerus, 105. 

 Epinotia, 43. 

 Ergates, 151. 



Eriophyes, 62. ■ • 



Eriophyidae, 52, • ■ . 



Essigella, 46. 

 Eucosma, 18, 37, 40, 41. 

 Eucosmidae, 37. 

 Eucymatoge, 19. 

 Eulia, 82. 

 Evetria, 19, 40. 

 Feeders — inner bark, 56, 95. 



leaf, 66, 68. 



root, 23. 



twig, 29. 

 Fire, 2, 9, 10,11, 58, 120, 167, 169, 170. 

 Firebugs, 134. 



