INSECT ENEMIES OF WESTERN FORESTS 



207 



Flatheaded borers, 132, 133, 141, Ur. 

 Flea beetle, .95. 

 Flies, lace-wing, 170. 

 Fly- 

 range crane, 166. 



tachinid, 68, 71. 

 Food supply, 167. 

 Forest management, 8, 9, 172. 

 Forest plantations, losses in, 7. 

 Forest-products insects, 8, I41. 

 Fungi, 2,11, 52, 169. 

 Galenara, 78. 

 Galeruca, 166. 

 Galerucella, 94. 

 Gallflies, 63. 

 Gall louse, Cooley's, 4.7 

 Gallmakers, 62, 87. 

 Gall midges, 52, 63. 

 Galls, juniper, 64- 

 Geometrid, fir cone, 19. 

 Geometridae, 74. 

 Girdlers, twig, 36. 

 Ghira, 165. 



Gnathotrichus, 145, 146. 

 Grasshoppers, 23, 164, 166. 

 Grubs, white, 7, 23, 24. 

 Halisidota, 67, 68. 

 Harmologa, 79. 

 Hedidia, 18. 



Hemerocampa, 69, 70, 71. 

 HemicaUidium, 137. 

 Hemileuca, 164- 

 Hemiptera, 12, 44, 170. 

 Hexapoda, 12. 

 Homoptera, 12, 44. 

 Horntails, 155, 157. 

 Hylastes, 27. 

 Hylesinus— 



Douglas fir, I24. 



Hemlock, 129. 



Sitka spruce, 128. 

 Hylotrupes, 137. 

 Hylurgops, 27. 



Hymenoptera, 12, 60, 86, 87, 170. 

 Hyperparasitism, 170. 

 Hyphantria, 68. 

 Infestations- 

 endemic, 97, 170. 



epidemic, 171. 

 Influences, climatic, 166. 

 Injuries, mechanical, 11. 

 Insect stages, 12. 

 Insects — 



bark, 167. 



beneficial, 169. 



bud, 29. 



cone, 15. 



decaying wood, 159. 



defoliating, 7. 



forest-products, 141. 



leaf-eating, 58-95. 



mature-tree, 57. 



nursery, 23. 



parasitic, 170. 



predacious, 170. 



primary, 4. 



range-plant, I64. 



root, 23-28. 



sap-sucking, 44. 



scale, 49. 



secondary, 4. 



seed, 15. 



seedling, 23. 



twig, 29. 



wood-boring, 167. 



young-tree, 28. 

 Ips — 



Cloudcroft, lis. 



emarginate, 113. 



general mention of, 31, 32, 56, 98, 110, 111-117, 118, 

 126, 128, 129. 



Knaus', II4. 



Vancouver, 113. 

 Isoptera, 12, 162. 

 Jtycorsia, 91. 

 Janetiella, 20, 53. 

 Kiln drying, 160. 

 Lachnus, 28. 

 Larva©, 12. 



Laspeyresia, 18, 20, 37, 4I, 42, 

 Leaf chewers, 4, 59, 60, 87. 

 Leaf feeders, 68, 60. 

 Leafhoppers, 23. 

 Leaf miners, 59, 86. 

 Leafrollers, 78, 85. 

 Leaf skeletonizers, 59. 

 Leperisinus, 131. 

 Lepidoptera, 12, 60, 86, 154. 

 Leptostylus, 137. 

 Lice— 



Cooley's gall, 47. 



plant, 45. 



spruce gall bark, 47. 



wooly pine, 4^- 

 Lightning, 5, 167. 

 Lina, 94- 



Logging, bark-beetle-control, 193. 

 Lonchaea, 21. 

 Long-horned beetles, 36. 

 Loopers— 



hemlock, 7, 60, 76, 81, 178. 



New Mexico fir, 78. 



oak, 77. 

 Losses, 4, 5, 8. 

 Lyctidae, 159. 

 Lyctus, 159. 

 Lygaeonematus, 91. 

 Magdalis, 33, 86. 

 Maggots — 



bark, 158. 



cone, 20. 



root, 7, 23. 



white fir cone, 21. 

 Malacopterus, 154. 

 Malacosoma, 72, 73, I64. 

 Marmara, 86. 

 Matsucoccus, 51. 

 Mealybugs, 51. 

 Measuring worms, 74. 

 Medetera, 105. 

 Megastigmus , 21. 

 Mflavophiln, 3P, 133, 134. 

 Melanophila, California, 13i. 

 Melissopus, 23. 

 Metamorphosis, 12, 14. 

 Mice. 170. 

 Micracinae. 33. 

 Micrncis, 132. 

 Midges- 

 bird's-eye pino, 64. 



cone, 20. 



gall, 52, 63. 



Monterey pine, 63. 



Monterey pine resin, 66. 



pitch, 29, 64. 



seed, 20. 

 Millipedes, 12. 

 Miners — 



aspen leaf, 87. 



inner bark, 95. 



leaf, 86, 87, 176. 



lodgepole needle, 86. 



needle, 86. 



poplar leaf-blotch, 86. 



spruce needle, 86. 

 Mistletoe, 11. 

 Mite, pine needle, 62. 

 Mites, 12, 44, 61, 52. 

 Moisture, 167. 

 Monar thrum, 147. 

 Monochamus, 152, 153. 

 Moths- 

 acorn, 23. 



bark,4i. 



bud, 44, 78, 85. 



carpenter, 141, I64. 



clear-winged, 139, 140, 141. 



cone, 16, iS, 19. 



cedar tip, 42. 



cypress tip, 43. 



cypress twig, 42. 



Douglas fir pitch, I40. 



Douglas fir tussock, 7, 60, 70. 



incense cedar tip, 43. 



noctuid, 164. 



Pandora, 7, 9, 64. 



