54 MISC. PUBLICATION 2738, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
Apical, budlike swellings are formed on ponderosa pines in Colo- 
rado by Contarinia coloradensis Felt and Dicrodiplosis gillettei Felt. 
Several of the juniper galls are caused by species of gall midges. 
Walshomyia juniperina Felt causes a slightly enlarged fruit of 
Juniperus californica, also a purplish, apical bud gall with three or 
four diverging lobes. Oligotrophus betheli Felt forms reddish, api- 
cal, conical galls on Juniperus utahensis. Allomyia juniperi Felt 
produces a prickly, burrlike bud gall with numerous short, nearly 
straight, leaves and none reflexed. Rhopalomyia sabinae Felt attacks 
Juniper in Colorado 
and Utah and pro- 
duces thick-walled, 
purplish, apical bud 
galls which split 
open in four sections 
when the midges 
emerge. 
PINE PitcH MIDGES 
Some of the pitch 
or gall midges attack 
the tender twigs or 
terminals of young 
trees and, by form- 
ing pitch pockets un- 
der the bark, either 
cause their death or 
the deformation of 
the wood. Their 
work can be recog- 
nized by the small 
pink or red larvae 
found imbedded in 
pitehy pockets or 
galls under the bark. 
The adults are frail, 
two-winged flies or 
midges resembling 
mosquitoes. Many 
FIGURE 24.—Monterey pine needles galled by the Monterey of the western forms 
Pee ees. (Thecodiplosis pini-radiatae). Insert, adult have not been named 
as yet. 
The birdseye pine midge (Retinodiplosis sp. near inopis O. 8.) is a 
common species in southern Oregon, where for many years it has 
killed the lateral tips of many young ponderosa pines (fig. 25). In 
some years this damage has been so severe as to deform and in some 
cases actually kill the trees. The damage is first noticeable very 
early in the summer, when the new lateral shoots fade, droop, and 
gradually turn yellow and die. In some cases nearly every new shoot 
is affected. On examination of the dying tips the bark will be found 
to be pitted with small resinous pockets, in each of which are small 
