Flee MISC. PUBLICATION 273, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
The New Mexico fir looper (Galenara consimilis Hein.) (fig. 37) 
has periodically destroyed timber over considerable areas in the 
spruce-fir type at the higher elevations of the southern Rocky Moun- 
tain region, particularly in New Mexico. Douglas fir seems to be 
the preferred host, but balsam fir and spruce foliage is also eaten. 
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FicurE 37.—The New Mexico fir looper (Galenara consimilis): A, Male moth, x 1.3; 
B, female moth, X 1.3; C, pupa, X 1.6; D, egg, greatly enlarged. (Drawings by 
Edmonston. ) 
BUD MOTHS, BUDWORMS, AND LEAF ROLLERS 
One group of moths, belonging largely to the family Tortricidae, 
lay their eggs on the needles of coniferous trees or the leaves of 
various broadleaved trees, and the young caterpillars feed on the 
opening buds and new leaves or needles, drawing these together with 
a silken web. Later, as they become larger, they may leave their pro- 
tective web and feed openly on the leaves or older needles and if 
numerous will completely defoliate the tree. When growth is com- 
pleted the larvae transform to the pupal stage, usually in small 
webs spun about the dead foliage at the tips of the branches, and 
from these the full-grown moths emerge. 
Under normal conditions the damage consists only of a few dead 
tips or partly eaten leaves. When buds are killed, subsequent 
branching results at these points, but seldom is the life of the tree 
threatened. When epidemic outbreaks occur, large forest areas may 
be completely defoliated and killed. 
