INSECT ENEMIES OF WESTERN FORESTS 207 
Flatheaded borers, 132, 183, 141, 147. Laspeyresia, 18, 20, 37, 41, 42. 
Flea beetle, 93. Leaf chewers, 4, 59, 60, 87. 
Flies, lace-wing, 170. Leaf feeders, 68, 60. 
ly— Leafhoppers, 23. 
range crane, 166. Leaf miners, 59, 86. 
tachinid, 68, 71. Leaf rollers, 78, 85. 
Food supply, 167. Leaf skeletonizers, 59. 
Forest management, 8, 9, 172. Leperisinus, 131. 
Forest plantations, losses in, 7. Lepidoptera, 12, 60, 86, 154. 
Forest-products insects, 8, 741. Leptostylus, 137. 
Fungi, 2, 11, 52, 169. Liasemum, 153. 
Galenara, 78. Lice— 
Galeruca, 166. Cooley’s gall, 47. 
Galerucella, 94. plant, 46. 
Gallflies, 53. 
Gall louse, Cooley’s, 47 
Gallmakers, 42, 87. 
Gall midges, 52, 63. 
Galls, juniper, 54. 
Geometrid, fir cone, 19. 
Geometridae, 74. 
Girdlers, twig, 35. 
Givira, 156. 
Gnathotrichus, 145, 146. 
Grasshoppers, 23, 164, 166. 
spruce gall bark, 47. 
wooly pine, 48. 
Lightning, 5, 167. 
Dina, 94. 
Logging, bark-beetle-control, 193. 
Lonchaea, 21. 
Long-horned beetles, 36. 
Loopers— 
hemlock, 7, 60, 75, 81, 178. 
New Mexico fir, 78. 
oak, 77. 
Grubs, white, 7, 23, 24. Losses, 4, 5, 8. 
Halisidota, 67, 68. Lyctidae, 159. 
Harmologa, 79. Lyctus, 159. 
Hedulia, 18. 
Hemerocampa, 69, 70, 71. 
Lygaeonematus, 91. 
Magdalis, 33, 36. 
Hemicallidium, 137. = 
Hemileuca, 164. Dee 
Hemiptera, 12, 44, 170. cone, 20. 
Hexapoda, 12. root, 7, 23. 
Homoptera, 12, 44. 
Horntails, 155, 157. 
Hylastes, 27. 
Hylesinus— 
Douglas fir, 724. 
Hemlock, 129. 
Sitka spruce, 128. 
Hylotrupes, 137. 
Hylurgops, 27. 
Hymenoptera, 12, 60, 86, 87, 170. 
Hyperparasitism, 170. 
Hyphantria, 68. 
Infestations— 
endemic, 97, 170. 
epidemic, 171. 
Influences, climatic, 166. 
Injuries, mechanical, 11. 
white fir cone, 27. 
Malacopterus, 154. 
Malacosoma, 72, 73, 164. 
Marmara, 86. 
Matsucoccus, 51. 
Mealybugs, 51. 
Measuring worms, 74. 
Medeterus, 105. 
Megastigmus, 21. 
Melanophila, 3€, 133, 134. 
Melanophila, California, 134. 
Melissopus, 23. 
Metamorphosis, 12, 14. 
Mice. 170. 
Micracinae, 33. 
Micracis, 182. 
Midges— 
ieee oe bird’s-eye pine, 54. 
bark, 167. one A eg 
beneficial, 169. ae , 52, 63. 
bud, 29. onterey pine, 53. 
cone, 15. Monterey pine resin, 56. 
decaying wood, 159. pe ae 54. 
defoliating, 7. seed, <U. 
forest-products, 141. Millipedes, 12. 
Miners— 
leaf-eating, 58-95. 
mature-tree, 57. 
nursery, 23. 
parasitic, 170. 
predacious, 170. 
aspen leaf, 87. 
inner bark, 95. 
leaf, 86, 87, 176. 
lodgepole needle, 85. 
primary, 4. needle, 84. 
range-plant, 164. poplar leaf-blotch, 86. 
root, 23-28. spruce needle, 86. 
sap-sucking, 44. Mistletoe, 11. 
seale, 49. - Mite, pine needle, 52. 
secondary, 4. Mites, 12, 44, 51, 52. 
seed, 15. Moisture, 167. 
seedling, 23. Monarthrum, 147. 
twig, 29. Monochamus, 152, 153. 
wood-boring, 167. 
Moths— 
young-tree, 28. acorn, 23. 
Ips— bark, 41. 
Cloudcroft, 113. bud, 44, 78, 85. 
emarginate, 773. 
general mention of, 31, 32, 56, 98, 110, 111-117, 118, 
126, 128, 129. 
Knaus’, 114. 
Vancouver, 173. 
Isoptera, 12, 162. 
Itycorsia, 91. 
Janetiella, 20, 53. 
Kiln drying, 160. 
Lachnus, 28: 
Larvae, 12. 
carpenter, 141, 154. 
clear-winged, 139, 140, 141. 
cone, 16, 18, 19. 
cedar tip, 42. 
cypress tip, 43. 
cypress twig, 42. 
Douglas fir pitch, 740. 
Douglas fir tussock, 7, 60, 70. 
incense cedar tip, 43. 
noctuid, 164. 
Pandora, 7, 9, 64. 
