ment expressed in cubic feet includes both saw 

 timber and material in trees under sawlog size, 

 as well as upper stems in merchantable pines. The 

 material in upper stems and limbs of merchantable 

 hardwood trees is not included. Increment in 



board-foot material is expressed in the Interna- 

 tional (%-inch) rule, the equivalent of mill tally, 

 in order that it may be compared later with com- 

 modity drain, which is expressed in this unit of 

 measure. 



Table 13. — Forest increment in board feet x and cubic feet 2 in the various forest conditions, 1935 



Forest condition 



Pine increment 



Hardwood increment 



Total increment 



Old growth 



Second growth: 



Sawlog size 



Under sawlog size 



Reproduction, clear-cut, and fire-killed 



All conditions 



M board feet 

 67, 900 



783, 700 



150, 500 



2,300 



1, 004, 400 



M cubic feet 

 16, 380 



165, 550 



45, 800 



440 



M board feet 

 93, 200 



146, 700 



23,800 



300 



228, 170 



264, 000 



M cubic feet 

 18, 740 



43, 530 



12, 750 



50 



M board feet 

 161, 100 



930, 400 



174, 300 



2,600 



75, 070 



,400 



M cubic feet 

 35, 120 



209, 080 



58, 550 



490 



303,210 



1 International H-inch rule. 



Forest Industries and Commodity Drain 



Although the development of forest industries in 

 southeastern Texas began as early as 1830, very 

 little expansion occurred until after 1880, when the 

 short-line railroads began extending their lines to 

 connect with the larger roads that had traversed 

 the unit and penetrated the West. This gave an 

 outlet for forest products to the new and growing 

 markets in the western prairies. At this time 

 production began to rise gradually, reaching its 

 highest level in 1907, but from that date to 1929 

 there was a gradual decrease, and in 1932 the 

 volume of forest products marketed was the lowest 

 in 40 years. The trend from 1933 through 1935 

 was upward and has undoubtedly continued in 

 this direction through 1936 and 1937. According 

 to the 1930 census, forest-products industries rank 

 third in number of people employed in the unit, 

 agriculture being first and oil second. 



LUMBER 



As shown in table 14, there were 175 active 

 sawmills in the unit in 1935, 72 percent of which 



2 Excluding bark. 



were cutting pine only. The lumber industries 

 are well distributed throughout the unit (fig. 9). 

 Lumber production in 1935 was 644 million board 

 feet, of which 81 percent was pine and the re- 

 mainder mixed hardwoods, such as magnolia, 

 ash, beech, gum, and red and white oak. All 

 but 24 million board feet of the lumber produced 

 came from logs cut within the unit. Mill capaci- 

 ties range from 2,000 to 210,000 board feet per 

 day. Mills cutting over 40,000 feet per day 

 (fig. 10) produced 78 percent of the total lumber 

 cut. More than half of the lumber produced in 

 the unit came from old-growth timber. The 

 portable and semiportable mills, which cut less 

 than 20,000 feet per day, were using second- 

 growth timber entirely. About 65 percent of the 

 lumber produced in this area was sold within the 

 State, and another 5 percent elsewhere in the 

 South. The lumber industries in the unit fur- 

 nished about 2 million man-days of employment 

 in that year, about half of the employees being 

 whites and the rest Negroes. Judging from the 

 1936 increase in cut for the whole State, the cut in 

 this unit for 1936 was about 788 million feet. 



Table 14. — Number of sawmills of the various size-classes, productive capacity, production ratio, and employment provided, 1935 



Daily 10-hour capacity of mill 



Mills cutting 



Total annual 



production 



capacity 



(lumber 



tally) 



Ratio of 1935 

 production 

 to capacity 



Labor provided 



(M board feet) 



Pine 



Hardwood 



Mixed 



Total 



Woods 



Mills 



Total 



Under 5 _ 



5to9 - 



Number 

 7 

 35 

 42 

 23 

 6 

 13 



Number 

 5 

 4 

 2 

 8 

 5 

 2 



Number 

 9 

 2 

 6 

 3 

 3 



Number 

 21 

 41 

 50 

 34 

 14 

 15 



M board feet 

 11,200 

 58, 800 

 193, 200 

 246, 500 

 213, 700 

 623, 400 



Percent 



20 

 17 

 18 

 38 

 55 

 62 



1,000 man- 

 days 



2 



10 



31 



89 



164 



422 



1,000 man- 

 days 



4 

 15 

 60 

 191 

 287 

 647 



1,000 man- 

 days 



6 

 25 



10 to 19 



20 to 39 



91 

 280 



40 to 79 --. 



451 



80 and over _ 



1,069 



Total or average 



126 



26 



23 



175 



1, 346, 800 



48 



718 



1,204 



1,922 



21 



