FLORAS OF THE WORLD—PART II 21 
1950 on as a result of renewed interest in the flora and in prepara- 
tion for the issue of a phytogeographic chart of the country. 
There is a short modern separate bibliography, but the floristic 
titles are given much more fully in Lefort’s historical treatment 
(1950). There is a work on medicinal plants by Feltgen (1903), 
one on native and cultivated trees by Koltz (1875), one on intro- 
duced plants by Fischer (1872) to which numerous additions 
have been made in recent years, and works on vernacular names 
by Klein and Weber. There is an old list of localities with their 
characteristic species (1877), and a critical account of botanical 
history, relating to both vascular and cellular plants, by Lefort 
(1950). Of 12 primary titles cited, 11 are general and 1 local; and 
there are 7 subsidiary titles, giving a total of 19. 
MoNnaco.—The tiny principality of Monaco, with an area of 1.5 
square kilometers (0.58 square miles), surrounded on the land- 
ward side by the French department of Alpes-Maritimes, has no 
published flora that is restricted to it but is best covered by 
Ardoino’s Catalogue of 1862 which reports 1000 species from 
Monaco and the adjacent town of Menton, formerly included in 
the principality. 
NETHERLANDS.—The kingdom of Netherlands, with an area of 
40,892 square kilometers (15,765 square miles, including inland 
water areas, much of which is in process of being converted to 
land), has a flora of about 1,350 species (excluding adventives 
and “run wild” species). It is well provided with general floras 
and other general works, and has a large number of local lists, 
about half of which proceed from excursions of the Nederlandsche 
Botanische Vereeniging (now the Koninklijke Nederlandse 
Botanische Vereniging). The standard smaller floras are by 
Heimans, Heinsius, and Thijsse (19th ed. 1956), Heukels and van 
Ooststroom (14th ed. 1956), and Heukels and Wachter (8th ed. 
1952) ; all describe the plant associations and botanical districts, 
and include cultivated as well as wild species. The latest essen- 
tially full treatment of infraspecific categories and adventive 
plants is contained in Heukels and van Ooststroom, Flora van 
Nederland (14th ed. 1956). Complete older floras on a larger 
scale are Oudemans’ De flora van Nederland (2d ed., 3 vol., 
1872-74) and Heukels’ work in three volumes (1909-11) with the 
same title. The Koninklijke Nederlandse Botanische Vereni- 
ging is now publishing a cooperative work, the Flora Neerlandica, 
with full treatment of species and lower entities and detailed 
local range but without information on popular uses and vernac- 
ular names, of which five parts have appeared, extending through 
the Orchidaceae. 
The standard detailed catalog with localities and citation of 
specimens is the Nederlandsche Botanische Vereeniging’s Prodro- 
mus florae batavae (2. ed., 1901-16); the yearly crop of new 
records and new localities has been published, first by Heukels and 
later by Kloos and others, in a series that began in 1896 and still 
continues. Figures of most of the species are given in Heukels’ 
De flora van Nederland and in his Flora von Nederland (14th ed., 
1956), and colored plates for both vascular and cellular plants in 
