16 MISC. PUBLICATION 797, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
and 1900, only 20 by floras since 1900. The statistics, by decades, 
are as follows: * 1825-40, 3 floras (plus 1 now replaced by a 
later joint flora); 1841-50, 6 (plus 3 now similarly replaced) ; 
1851-60, 4 (plus 3); 1861-70, 11 (plus 1); 1871-80, 7 (plus 2 
now replaced by later joint floras, and 1 largely replaced by a 
flora not yet completed) ; 1881-90, 17 (plus 3 now replaced by 
joint floras) ; 1891-1900, 15; 1901-10, 5; 1911-20, 6; 1921-30, 4; 
1931-40, 2; 1941-50, 0; 1951-58, 3. For each department except 
4 (Ardéche, Ardennes, Charente, and Indre-et-Loire, all of which 
possess departmental floras), one or more local publications are 
listed here; the only departments with 10 or more are Ariége (12), 
Aude (10), Bouches-du-Rhoéne (19), Haute-Savoie (13), Hérault 
(14), Savoie (11), and Var (11). Of 719 primary titles cited, 
70 are general, 39 partial, 81 provincial (including Paris region), 
142 departmental, and 387 local; and there are 680 subsidiary 
titles, making a total of 1,399. 
GREAT BRITAIN WITH IRELAND.—The United Kingdom of Great 
Britain and Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland (Eire), 
treated together for phytogeographical and historical reasons— 
that is, the British Isles—have an area of 313,700 square kilo- 
meters (121,120 square miles) and a flora of 2,822 species and 
microspecies (Dandy, 1958; Druce, 1932, gave 2,669; both include 
naturalized species). The standard older manuals are by Babing- 
ton (10th ed. 1922) and Bentham (7th ed. rev., 1924), with Hay- 
ward’s Botanist’s pocket-book (19th ed. 1930) filling a particular 
function; a more modern work in date and in point of view is the 
flora by Clapham and others. There are several catalogs, in part 
annotated, the most useful being Dandy’s List of British vascular 
plants, Druce’s Comital flora (complete list with distribution by 
vice-counties), and Watson’s Topographical botany. The stand- 
ard sets of illustrations are Fitch’s Illustrations, Ross-Craig’s 
Drawings (in progress), and the colored plates in Sowerby’s 
English Botany. Druce has provided a geographically arranged 
list of local floras (1933) and the bibliographies by Holden (to 
about 1910) and Rehder (through 1900) are helpful. The stand- 
ard works on vernacular names are Britten and Holland, Fisher, 
and Prior; more local works on the same subject will be found 
listed under England (General), Devon, Lincolnshire, Somerset, 
Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Elwes and Henry’s Trees is a 
large and elaborate treatment of both the native and the cultivated 
species, but Makins’ and Step’s works are of more utility for 
identification. There are several books on medicinal plants, of 
which Barton and Castle is perhaps the most scientific and Cul- 
peper certainly the most popular; four on poisonous plants, two 
on edible plants, three dealing with useful plants, in general, and 
three on weeds or adventive plants. Cultivated plants are de- 
scribed by Bean (trees and shrubs), Chittenden (encyclopedic), 
Edlin, Kirk, and Makins. Among the miscellaneous works are 
publications on biography, first records, herbals, hybrids, extinct 
68 The figures here given refer to the number of departments covered by separate or joint 
floras, not to the number of separate publications. 
