14 MISC. PUBLICATION 797, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
provinces. The standard name list of the flora is by Hiitonen 
(1934), but more recent data on distribution and a more up- 
to-date nomenclature are to be found in Hylander’s Férteckning 
(1955; see under Scandinavia) of the plants of northwest Europe. 
There is a full, briefly annotated bibliography through 1900 
(Saelan), supplemented by annual lists from 1950 on, and a 
very extensive catalog of vernacular names (Suhonen, 1936), as 
well as a list of vernacular names of garden plants (1951). 
Useful wild plants of all kinds are treated by Rautavaara (1942- 
43), and there are works on medicinal plants by three other 
authors. The series of publications on phenology covers two 
centuries (1750-1955), but has never been digested. An annotated 
catalog of cultivated plants (1897) is available, as well as a 
Sears account of vegetation (in English) and some other general 
works. 
The distribution of plants and animals in Finland has for many 
years been expressed in terms of biogeographical districts having 
for the most part no connection with the 10 present administra- 
tive districts (laani). A double system of terminology and cor- 
responding abbreviations is in use for them, the older Latin one 
and the modern Finnish; the former, which is still used by many 
Finnish botanists, has been followed in the text on the basis of its 
wider intelligibility, but the Finnish names are entered as syno- 
nyms and in the index. Of the 28 districts as here taken,*® includ- 
ing 13 which are partly (4) or wholly (9) Russian, 5 have 
separate full catalogs or name lists of the species (although only 
4 of these, for Alandia, Isthmus karelicus, Karelia pomorica 
occidentalis, and Lapponia rossica, are now of any importance), 
and about a dozen others are covered by floras relating to more 
than one district, most of which are a century old or more. The 
distribution of each species by phytogeographical districts is 
available in Hiitonen and Poijarvi’s flora (1958) except that cita- 
tions of the Soviet districts have been omitted and must be sought 
in Hiitonen’s earlier Suomen kasvio (19383). From 1 to 26 local 
floras are cited for each of the districts except Lapponia rossica, 
for which only 4 general works have been given. Of 238 primary 
titles cited (including 54 relating to areas which are now or always 
have been Russian or largely Russian), 35 are general, 19 pro- 
vincial, and 184 local; and there are 188 subsidiary titles (of 
which 26 relate to largely Russian areas), making a total of 426. 
FRANCE.—The republic of France, with an area of 550,786 
square kilometers (212,659 square miles), has a flora, including 
Corsica, of 4,354 species (Coste, 1900-06). The standard modern 
descriptive flora is the 38-volume work by Coste (1900-06, reissued 
1937), giving a figure of each species and little or no attention to 
synonymy and infraspecific taxa. A more popular but very useful 
work is Bonnier’s Flore complete illustrée, in 12 volumes, with a 
good colored figure of each species and a rather detailed account 
of local range, variations, vernacular names, and uses. The 
standard detailed flora is the 14-volume Flore de France by Rouy 
67 Including Lapponia rossica, treated as a unit consisting of Lapponia Imandrae, Lapponia 
murmanica, Lapponia ponojensis, Lapponia tulomensis, and Lapponia Varsugae, and cor- 
responding essentially to the Kola Peninsula. 
