o2 MISC. PUBLICATION 218, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
TaBLE 13.—Governmental-cost payments of representative counties distributed 
according to purpose; Minnesota, Washington, Oregon, and California—Con. 
State, date, and purpose Forest counties Agricultural counties 
Washington, 1927: Dollars Percent Dollars Percet™ 
Generalicevernimen tae aera eee eee 686, 157 11.5 1, 031, 598 § 2 
IPTOte CEI GI te eR EE BPE ey er eee eae 157, 405 2.6 338, 454 20, 
High Ways. 2s Lene ae ee eA RO eee Bee 1, 168, 558 19.6 2, 039, 445 16. 2 
1B; AUT CAG OM eS ee ee Dn Sse weet le a | 2, 725, 506 45.6 6, 653, 166 52 9 
Socialisenvices 2 Se Sue See ae ee 615, 752 10. 4 1, 476, 339 ik 7 
IMGISCel ane OU Sess Fa Rac Oi a ee Se 70, 117 12 135, 884 yor 
ET GOT OS Fees ie Ae I a ER aa Lesa Uh 551, 966 9.2 901, 159 7h Ge 
GROSS ;b Geiss Oe eee eee Bee ees nae De 5,975,461 | 100.1 12, 576, 045 100 0 
IRefunGsrecelpitS sae eee eee aes See 3, 392 oll 3, 472 .0 
Net: total yess ee es a oe eve tne ee eas Se 5, 972, 069 100. 0 12, 572, 573 100. 0 
SS Se SS eee SS SSS ES 
Oregon, 1927 and 1928: 
Generalicovernimen tse ee ee ee eae 460, 853 4.8 492, 183 fl 
IPTOCC CEO Re ee een nn ras sel RI arr 190, 671 2.0 191, 424 2.0 
FEET Way See ee eat BU ee 2, 736, 430 28. 6 2, 866. 299 29.9 
DDO AD CET COS aed Ie Aa eal Sy EE Fi alae ap 3, 988, 453 41.7 4, 716, 178 49.3 
SOGISISCE VIC eee aa Oe ee Pe es Bee 1, 269, 360 13.3 254, 937 Dad 
INMbIiscellanegus ies oes ae SSR Saree G2 eee 588, 577 6. 2 | 909, 803 9.5 
DONA) el gpseat gece en er yg TE AI ea ad SA ei ae Be UA 322, 921 3.4 | 146, 098 1.8 
Ao) ar heecete Whe De Spe Pha MEME) ARSE a a ea le 9, 557, 265 100. 0 9, 576, 922 100. 6 
California, 1928: 
GeneralicovernmMent oa ee ees 532, 317 12. 2 467, 143 6.7 
IRrolectigne tse S52 hr wees hae BR ee a ee eee 220. 503 Sal 271, 115 3.9 
DS BEAD eA ue Ne A Nn el Be, Sod ee ere ey eee 971, 718 22.3 948, 231 13.6 
OF GLUT CAE] Ch aera aa aap Lo SE So 2, 015, 783 46. 3 2, 320, 397 33. 3 
Sacialisenvicess ea a sbe eee Ree ea ees ee oa ee 289, 728 6. 6 387, 930 5.6 
IMEISCell Ae UL Siee fe See Fd heiress get eo Rasa er eRe 272, 204 6. 2 2, 227, 549 32.0 
Va eS eS Fe OS oe AA eg i A AN oe ee 54, 868 ees 339, 307 4.9 
ZT Otel] a Es ea Ey ah eer ree! eee 4, 357, 121 100. 0 6, 961, 672 100. 0 
General government and protection costs are quite small in the 
New Hampshire and Oregon localities, and are moderate elsewhere. 
They compose from 6 to 17 percent of all governmental cost pay- 
ments. 
Social service forms an item of expense somewhat less important 
than general government and protection, except in the forest and 
agricultural towns of Massachusetts, the forest counties of Oregon, 
and the agricultural counties of Washington. In Massachusetts 
social-service payments are very high, especially payments for munic- 
ipal light and water companies. These public-service enterprises 
flourish even in the forest towns. In the forest counties of Oregon, 
on the other hand, payments for port districts form the large item of 
social-service expense, while in the agricultural localities of Washing- 
ton the development and conservation of natural resources predomi- 
nate. 
Interest payments give an indication as to the burden of public 
debt. The ratios of these payments to all governmental cost pay- 
ments may be read from tables 12 and 13. The forest counties of 
Minnesota and of Washington bear the heaviest interest burdens. 
In Minnesota uneconomic drainage developments have sapped the re- 
sources of many of the cut-over counties, while in Washington dike 
districts are the largest borrowers. 
The interest payments in Oregon include only those made by the 
county itself. Interest payments by school districts in this State 
could not be isolated from other school expenditures and hence are 
included under the head of education. A similar situation holds 
