238 MISC. PUBLICATION 218, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
that there will be more efficient protection in the future, resulting in 
less damage. Although the risk of loss undoubtedly varies by regions, 
it may fairly be assumed that the relatively higher physical fire hazard 
in the West would be offset by higher unit values i in the East so that 
there may not be an important difference in the money loss on an 
acreage basis. In any case, an attempt to appraise the exact loss 
separately by regions on the basis of the existing inadequate data 
would not be justified in view of the fact that a rough average figure 
will serve the purposes of this analysis. 
The national-forest enterprise also furnishes the data for the cost 
of administration and protection. These costs for 1931 were as follows 
(105, pp. 80-81): 
Hire prevention: and idetection=2 6s 4 2a. et = oe ee ee ee $2, 363, 000 
Hine SUPPFESSiOMs1)0e ty ey a a he Ee oe ee 2, 057, 000 
Protection against insects and tree diseases______.__.___-_-_-_-_-- 463, 000 
Emergency construction of roads:‘and trails) *: 2 22 ea eee 3, 053, 000 
Forest: development roads and trails” {2222 = - 2 soe ee eee 3, 118, 000 
ADTs FTE CGE EOC SA A Re Ae I ce es es 3, 052, 000 
Construction and maintenance of improvements other than roads, 
trails, and camp- =STOUNnd improvements= =) = wae Wear ee eee 2, 606, 000 
Camp- ground i improvements 2-32 eee Se ee ee 100, 000 
De ay ee 5 (Re ones OO SR ES Oe cd et ete i ALM 0 I eh br eaech uni ibe ib Shove She 25 16, 812, 000 
This amount divided by the area of the national forests gives 
$0.10 as the miscellaneous annual expenses per acre. This rough 
average expense figure is used throughout this analysis. It represents 
fairly effective protection and administration and will probably be 
the minimum necessary for these items on the average well managed 
forestry enterprise. 
The tax data are taken from the studies of the selected areas dis- 
cussed in an earlier section of this part. The formulas used are 
those developed in part 3. 
Using such data as have been thus described, it is possible to reach 
a rough approximation of the ratio of taxes to forest income which 
may fairly be expected in different sections of the United States. In 
this analysis the reader should not be misled by the presentation of 
exact figures. The data used are actually very rough. They merely 
represent estimates, based on present conditions projected into the 
future, of the costs of growing timber and the yields to be finally 
realized. The conclusions reached are correspondingly rough. In 
particular, their validity rests on the probability of prices remaining 
at their recent level. 
Wuitrt Pine In New ENGLAND 
The growth normally to be expected from fully stocked white pine 
in New England is given in table 91 for three site qualities—good, 
medium, and poor. ‘To the yields given are applied average stumpage 
prices current in 1928 in selected New Hampshire towns—Fremont, 
Richmond, and Loudon—where intensive studies were made. 
