PART 11. TAXATION OF FORESTS IN 
NORTHWESTERN EUROPE 
— 
CONTENTS 
Page Page 
IMNGPOGU CHORE RN Ai ek 421 | Switzerland—Continued 
Grea BGG are ee Ce a a a Ee) 42 Taxation of publicly owned forests_______ 491 
Governmental and tax structure_.__._--_- 422 Effect of taxation on the practice of for- 
The economic importance of forests_____- 423 (Shh H Gh Sk Agony 45114 By WD Oc Te A Vee ou a Se a 491 
Taxes that affect forest property.__-..--- COAG] Pets) 216 lc) 0 Wa pee epee US eae Pe a ae 493 
Taxation of sample forests__..--___-___-_ 431 Governmental and tax structure____.___- 493 
Effect of taxation on the practice of for- The economic importance of forests_____- 494 
SHE A el si pee a RMS a) NS NNR 439 Taxes that affect forest property___-_____ 495 
OP ATIGOE SENG a wy 5 ae hs BEE A ON 440 Taxation of public forests.._...-_.---___- 499 
Governmental and tax structure____-___- 440 Taxation of a sample forest______________ 499 
The economic importance of the forests... 448 Effect of taxation on the practice of for- 
Taxes that affect forest property___._---_ 448 OS Grey eons eu NS Da al) Ne AS irl ih 503 
Taxation of publicly owned forests______- AAA INIOLWV ER Ye cee aes clea ier sabe dalicious eH 503 
Taxation of sample forests__._.__._.______-_- 454 Governmental and tax structure____-.-._- 503 
Effect of taxation on the practice of for- The economic importance of forests__-_-_- 504 
SGT CONT ULE ot TCA IUCR A CI Sd 457 Taxes that affect forest property.__._-__- 505 
CES rin eee a Ne eta EN GT OM SIAITE UT ie 458 Taxation of publicly owned forests______- 508 
Governmental and tax structure____.____ 458 Effect of taxation on the practice of for- 
The economic importance of forests_____- 462 (ENS Ha A Se sh a eS 508 
Taxes that affect forest property____--_-_ AG Si ts eirrall eur Les Pith SUsia a ana a oe LP ee We 509 
The valuation of forests for tax purposes_. 468° Governmental and tax structure_________ 509 
Taxation of publicly owned forests______- 474 The economic importance of forests_____- 510 
Taxation of sample properties__________- 475 Taxes that affect forest property_____-.___ 511 
Effect of taxation on the practice of for- 483 Taxation of publicly owned forests_____-_- 513 
(SSAA Psy ra Sh pe Ta AE SUN a Taxation of a farm wood lot______-__-__- 514 
Swatzerlan dees Pe DO LEME Ee 483 Effect of taxation on the practice of for- 
Governmental and tax structure______-__ 483 (CXS) 6 eh ese BASES Te ee CE eee ae oy CNS 516 
The economic importance of forests___-_-- 484 | European experience and its application to 
Taxes that affect forest property___.._--_- 485 thesUnitediStates es 517 
INTRODUCTION 
In northwestern Europe forestry has been practiced successfully on 
private lands for more than a century. Have these countries, where 
forestry is well established as a permanent land use under private 
ownership, encountered a forest-tax problem, and if so, how have they 
solved it? 
It has already been shown (pt. 3) that the tax problem that is 
peculiar to forestry in the United States arises out of the necessity of 
deferment of income, which is in turn a result of destructive treatment 
of forests in the past. 
This problem does not exist where forests 
have been cut conservatively and so organized as to yield a substantial 
income annually or at intervals only a few years apart. 
In general it 
may be said that the difficulties arising out of the public necessity for 
regular annual tax revenues which loom so large in the United States 
at present are avoided to a great extent in the countries where for- 
estry is well established, because in those countries the larger forests 
yield a more or less regular income and can bear without embarrass- 
ment an annual tax on the same basis as other property. The subject 
of forest taxation in other countries might then be dismissed by the 
statement that the problem has been solved in those countries, not by 
tinkering with the tax system but by proper organization of private 
forests. 
421 
