462 MISC. PUBLICATION 218, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
An example of communal taxation is given in table 136, which 
shows the sources of taxes for the rural county (Landkreis) of Brieg, 
in Prussia, for 1930 (249, p. 20): 
TaBLE 136.—IJncome from ta:ces levied by Brieg, Prussia, 1930 
Tax Receipts 
Reichsmarks Dollars 
Land and industry taxes (Grund- und Gewerbesteuern)_______.___-.--..---..- 398, 000 94, 800 
Mand-transfer taxa (Grund erwerStewen) a ee 55, 000 13, 100 
Share ineNation alG Overmwve wb wey K CS se oe se 41, 6C0 9, 900 
Dogataxi(Hindesteen) ss Se Se Niles as ee ek ev De ee 10, 200 2, 400 
En tineataxd acdStewen) je = ae secession uate enous eens eee pets Psa ae Sane Lee ee ee 8, 000 1, 900 
Alcohol licenses (Schankerlaubnissteuer) - =< 22—2=_22=-2-2-- 22-=----2--- 22s 2, 000 500 
ATTIVISEIME NG LAXAGVET TUT AUT TA SCC ULE TS) Pete cece ripe en 1, 500 400 
Valuescinerementstaxa (WiGGUZ Vy 8 Cl SUT CT) es esr ee = ee 1, C00 200 
PAS Gea 2p Fe aa TE NRE cee ee rs ete ete 517, 300 123, 200 
THE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF FORESTS 
Before the war (1913) the German forests comprised 35.1 million 
acres. Asa result of the Treaty of Versailles they have been reduced 
in 1927 to 31.4 million acres, being now about 27 percent of the total 
land area. 
The ownership of forests in Germany as of 1927 is shown in table 137. 
TABLE 137.—Area of German forests by ownership, 19271 
Type of ownership Forest area 
Public forests: 1,000 hectares |\1,000 acres| Percent 
INationaliforestsi@keichsforsten) as eee 32 81 0.3 
SLatestorestsn Amd erfOrsben) wee ee eee eee eee eee ere ee 4, 090 10, 104 32.3 
Communal forests (Gemeindeforsten)____-._._-_______---__------- 1, 966 4, 856 TERE 
State share forests (Staatsanteilsforsten)__....---_------__-------- ) 23 =k 
CAB 9 a ce Cae AT APP eg RS ce ER a si OY ES 6, 097 15, 064 48, 2 
Quasi-public forests: 
Institution forests (Stiftungsforsten) ___..___._.___---_.-__--.---.- 205 506 1.6 
Cooperative forests (Genossenschaftsforsten)_.__.____-___--------- 300 741 2.4 
AB 2 FoR Oa RAs ie MN SP SO a ae ce Ue De Se ee 505 1, 247 4.0 
Private forests: (erivatiorsten) sao0 see ee ee ee een ee 6, 052 14, 952 47.8 
Ro tales tok SOs A Cees ORE OLE SS EV ECS AN oy Pe: ee Bek 12, 654 31, 263 100. 0 
1 Source of data: From (263, pp. 10-11). 
From the above it may be stated that roughly half of the German 
forests are publicly owned and the other half privately owned. 
The age classes in the public forests are approximately equal up to 
80 years of age. There is a deficiency in age classes above 80 years, 
although there is a larger percentage of these age classes in the public 
than in the private forests. The private forests have an overabund- 
ance of age classes up to 40 years and a great deficiency of the older 
age classes (251, pp. 30-31). 
The yield from the German forests in 1926-27 is given in table 138. 
