Table 14. — Production and employment data in the nonhimber 

 industries in 7934 i 



Material pro- 

 duced 



Plants 

 in unit 



Total 

 annual 



ca- 

 pacity 



Plant 

 produc- 

 tion 



Plant 

 employ- 

 ment 2 



Woods 

 cut 



Woods 

 em- 

 ploy- 

 ment 



Tight-cooperage 

 stocks 



Slack-cooperage 

 stock ^ 



Number 

 10 



3 

 1 



2 



1 



Cords 

 02, 900 



20, 000 

 (') 



M 

 board 

 feet 

 9, 000 



Cords 

 40. 600 



13.300 



(■') 



M 

 board 

 feet 

 4,800 



(■') 



Man- 

 day 

 57, 200 



26, 500 



(•') 



33, 600 



Cords 

 40, 600 



23, 100 

 2,400 



M 



board 



feet 



14, 700 



4,000 



1,500 



Man- 

 day 

 49, 300 



21, 200 



Pulp - 



2,400 



Rotary veneer 



Specialties 



Export logs and 

 staves 



19, 900 

 7,200 



4, 600 



Shingles 



2 



100 



100 



600 



200 



Cross ties 



Pieces 



167, 900 



1,300 



20, 000 













400 















Total 



19 







6 330, 700 





125,200 













I Board-foot measure is Doyle log scale, net, according to commercial 

 scaling practice. The standard cord is 4 by 4 by 8 feet including bark. 

 Man-days are 10 hours. 



■ Includes only employment afforded by primary production; does not 

 include employment in secondary manufacture such as stave finishing, 

 millwork, furniture, box, plywood, and container manufacturing. 



3 Includes staves and heading. 



' Includes staves, heading, and hoops. 



* Specific information for indis idual operations cannot be shown; to 

 do so would reveal confidential information. 



' Total plant employment including pulp and specialty production. 



INDUSTRIES REQUIRING HIGH-GRADE 

 MATERIAL 



In general, the manufacture of veneer, slack- and 

 tight-cooperage stock, poles and piles, export 

 stock, and specialties — such as blanks for baseball 

 bats, plugs for paper rolls, shuttle blocks, and ath- 

 letic goods — requires a high proportion of high- 

 grade logs. These industries, with the possible 

 exception of export logs and certain classes of ve- 

 neer, ordinarily draw on the high-grade material 

 in second-growth stands and residual stands left 

 after lumber-mill logging. They can operate in 

 such timber because (1) they can use timber of 

 smaller average size or slightly lower average qual- 

 ity than that required by the lumber industry; 

 (2) some of the industries, notably those producing 

 slack-cooperage material and package veneer, 

 regularly use species which are not utilized closely, 

 if at all, by the lumber industry; and (3) some in- 

 dustries, particularly those producing cooperage 

 materials and specialties, can use raw material in 

 the form of bolts and billets, thus minimizing the 



equipment and skill required in logging. This per- 

 mits the utilization of short and crooked clear 

 lengths not adapted to the production of industrial 

 lumber and also permits the logging of scattered 

 timber on the basis of individual trees. 



In general, logging methods for veneer and export 

 logs are the same as for lumber-mill logging; in fact 

 a large part of it is carried on in conjunction with 

 lumber-mill logging. The net effect on the residual 

 stand is essentially the same, except that where 

 package veneer is cut, a sparser and inferior stand 

 results. 



Tight- and slack-cooperage material, specialty 

 stock, and export stave and handle stock are usu- 

 ally logged in the form of bolts and billets, or occa- 

 sionally of small logs. Since this type of logging 

 requires a minimum of equipment and a maximum 

 of manual labor, it is cominonly done by farmers 

 and other part-time woods workers rather than by 

 professional loggers. Transportation of material 

 from woods to mill is usually provided by farmers 

 with teams and by local truckers and contractors. 

 No trees smaller than 12 to 14 inches in diameter 

 are used. After a cutting of this kind, the supply 

 of high-grade industrial raw material is practically 

 exhausted for the time being; but there is commonly 

 a substantial volume of low-grade saw timber suit- 

 able for the production of cross ties and of common 

 structural material by small sawmills. 



Practically the entire production of poles and 

 piles is made up of cypress selected tree by tree 

 from dense stands of second growth scattered 

 throughout the unit. This type of logging is done 

 almost entirely by part-time contractors or jobbers. 



INDUSTRIES THAT CAN USE 

 LOW-GRADE MATERIAL 



The shingle, pulp, and tie industries, because 

 they do not require high-grade material, can oper- 

 ate still more eflfectively than the other nonlumber 

 industries on the kind of timber most abundant in 

 residual and second-growth stands. This material 

 is usually logged in special short lengths. During 

 the past few years most of the cross ties have been 

 hewed in the woods; though formerly most of them 

 were sawed by small portable sawmills. 



Logging is usually carried on in good residual or 

 second-growth stands, with special regard to species 

 and soundness of material but without particular 

 regard to quality, the methods being essentially 



30 



