40 MISC. PUBLICATION 3 9 5, U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE 



A. Leaves needle-shaped — Continued. 



(2) Leaves single — Continued. 



(b) Leaves in two distinct rows, one on each side ot the twig; 



falling off in late autumn or early winter. Cones small, 

 ball-like (Taxodium) Bald cypress. 



(c) Leaves often in two rows on the sides of the twigs of lower 



branches and mostly flat, those on upper branches stouter 

 and arranged on the sides and tops of the twigs. Cones 

 long, erect, produced only on upper side of topmost 

 branches; the scales falling off in autumn, leaving spike- 

 like central axes of the cones attached (Abies) Fir. 



B. Leaves scalelike, pointed, overlapping, closely forming flat or four-sided twigs. 



(1) Twigs four-sided. Cones spherical or ball-like, with small, thick 



scales armed with a spurlike point; seed with very narrow, hard 

 wings (Cupressus) Cypress. 



(2) Twigs flattened. 



(a) Cones elongated, with only a few thin scales; bent back on 



branches (Thuja) Arborvitae. 



(b) Cones spherical, very small, berrylike, with thin scales 



armed with a tiny point; seeds with a broad, thin wing 

 on two sides (Chameaecyparis) Cedar. 



(c) Cones berrylike (showing indistinct outlines of, but no 



separation into, scaly parts). Leaves either short, scale- 

 like, and sharp jointed, or much longer, needlelike, stand- 

 ing out loosely, and attached in pairs or in threes on the 

 twigs (Juniperus) Juniper. 



THE BROADLEAF TREES 



II. Leaves simple, alternate, lobed, and with toothed edges, or only with smooth 

 or coarsely toothed edges 



A. Leaves deeply lobed, or with large notches. 



(1) Leaves as wide as they are long. Fruit, a swinging ball, 1 to 1/2 inches 



in diameter. 



{a) Leaves with finely toothed margins; star-shaped, the divi- 

 sions pointed. Fruit, burlike balls, from which, when ripe, 

 small, winged seeds may be shaken. Bark rough. 



(Liquidambar) Sweetgum. 



(b) Leaves with smooth margins, 3 to 5 inches long, pointed 

 lobes, the space between the lobes rounded. Fruit, a 

 rough ball, easily broken when ripe; composed of closely 

 packed long, narrow seeds which have hairlike bristles at 

 their lower ends and are attached to a bulletlike central 

 part. Old bark of trunks and large limbs peeling off in thin, 

 curled pieces, leaving pale inner bark showing in irregular 

 patches (Platanus) American Sycamore or plane. 



(2) Leaves longer than wide. 



(a) Leaves large, with deep, roundtopped, or with pointed 



bristle tipped lobes, or only with coarse marginal teeth. 

 Fruit, an acorn, resting in a separate cup. 



(Quercus) Oak. 



(b) Leaves small, with little sharp teeth on margin. Twigs 



bearing sharp thorns. Fruit small (like a little apple), 

 spherical, with bony seeds (Crataegus) Hawthorn. 



