FORESTRY FOR 4-H CLUBS 41 



B. Leaves one-sided (one side of leaf shorter at base than the other side). 



(1) Leaves large, oval, 5 to 10 inches long, heart-shaped. Fruit, a cluster 



of small, woody balls ){ to V 2 inch in diameter, hanging from a nar- 

 row, leaflike blade (Tilia) xAmerican Basswood or linden. 



(2) Leaves 3-veined at base, with long tapering points, which generally 



turn to one side; edges smooth, or with small teeth of uniform size. 

 Fruit, a small berry about ){ inch in diameter. 



(Celtis) Hackberry. 



(3) I eaves with straight lateral veins, oval: edges double toothed (lit- 



tle teeth on the larger ones). Fruit in clusters, dry, flat, with 

 papery wings all around the seeds (Ulmus) American elm. 



C. Leaves even sided (both sides of leaf the same length). 



(1) Leaves oval, evergreen, thick, with short needlelike teeth. Fruit, a 



bright red berry (Ilex) American holly. 



(2) Leaves more or less elongated, deciduous, with one tooth at the end 



of each side vein. 



{a) Trees with smooth, bluish-gray bark, and long, pointed, 

 chestnut-brown buds. Fruit, a small, three-cornered nut, 

 in a spiny husk which splits open at the top into three 

 parts (Fagus) American beech. 



(b) Trees with ridged, grayish-brown bark. Fruit, large, 

 spherical, covered with dense, needlelike spines; splits 

 open from the top into 3 or 4 divisions, and containing 

 several thin-shelled, chestnut-brown nuts. 



(Castanea) American chestnut. 



(3) Leaves very narrow, long, pointed, finely toothed. Small branches 



slender, usually tough. Fruit, a long cluster of little pods filled 

 with "cotton" (seeds) (Salix) Willow. 



(4) Leaves somewhat triangular in outline, broad at base, pointed, 



toothed. Buds of some species coated with aromatic gum. Branch- 

 es coarse. Fruit, a long cluster of little pods filled with ''cotton" 

 (seeds) (Populus) Poplar. 



(5) Leaves oval, pointed, with sawlike teeth. 



{a) Fruit a tiny scaly cone. 



(x) Bark of trunk and branches peeling off in thin 

 papery sheets. Leaves double- toothed (little 

 teeth on the large ones.) Fruit ("cones") 

 borne singly, pendulous, scaly, falling apart 

 when ripe, seeds with gauzelike wings on two 



sides (Betula) Birch. 



(y) Bark smooth or broken, but not peeling. Leaves 

 with small teeth. "Cones" several in a cluster 

 on stiff, upright stems, hard, woody, not falling 

 apart; seed with narrow wings on two sides. 



(Alnus) Alder. 

 (b) Fruit, a berry; fleshy, edible. 



(x) Leaves large, 3-veined at base, often irregularly, 

 deeply lobed; containing milky juice. Fruit 

 similar in appearance to a blackberry. 



(Morus) Mulberry. 



