old-growth stands, but only 47 percent of the pine 

 volume was so classified (table 12). 



Of nearly 37}^ million cords of material unsuited 

 or at present too small for sawlogs, nearly 50 

 percent was hardwood, 38 percent pine, and the 

 remainder cypress (table 14). 



It is estimated that in 1934, under rather strict 

 specifications, nearly 26 million trees were suitable 

 for poles or piles. More than half of these were in 

 the 20-foot length class; 3,343,000 sticks were in 

 the 35-foot or longer classes (table 16). ^ 



There are more than 53 million cords of material 

 of all sizes and quality in species suitable for pulp- 

 ing; 55 percent is pine, the remainder hardwoods 

 and cypress (table 17). 1 



During 1934 the longleaf-slash pine forests, if 

 they had not been turpentined, would have grown 

 an additional 210 million board feet (table 19). 



The total increment of all species in 1934 

 amounted to over 223 million board feet (Inter- 

 national %-inch rule). The increment in old- 

 growth stands was negative, but second-growth 

 stands had an increment of nearly 240 million 

 board feet (table 20). 



In 1934 there were 8 sawmills, each with a daily 

 capacity of 40 M feet b. m. or more, 90 medium- 

 sized mills (10 to 40 M feet), and 52 small mills 

 with a daily capacity less than 10 M feet (table 21). 



Altogether more than 3% million 10-hour man- 

 days of labor were required in the woods and at the 

 plants in the production of naval stores and wood 

 products in 1934 (p. 17 and table 22). 



The total commodity drain of saw-timber mate- 

 rial in 1934, including incidental waste, was over 

 425 million board feet (International %-inch rule). 

 Approximately 47 percent of this drain was in 

 lumber, 29 percent in cross ties, 10 percent each in 

 veneers and fuel wood, and the remaining 4 per- 

 cent in minor wood products (table 23). 



The saw-timber growing stock in this section was 

 reduced 1.8 percent, or 202 million board feet in 

 1934. The stock of hardwoods nearly held its own, 

 but pine decreased 1.1 percent and cypress 5.9 per- 

 cent (table 25). In 1934, 77 percent of the total 

 commodity drain on saw-timber material was from 

 old-growth stands which had a negative increment. 



1 These items represent volumes already included in 

 previous paragraphs. 



The net board-foot increment of second-growth 

 pine, which is increasing yearly, already equals the 

 total sawlog drain for wood products from both 

 old-growth and second-growth pine. The old- 

 growth cypress is being rapidly depleted and shows 

 no promise of being replaced by second growth. 



Forestry Measures Essential 



Because northeastern Florida is so favorable for 

 forest activities, there is not only an opportunity 

 but also a strong justification for intensive efforts 

 that will build up the growing stock to something 

 approaching the maximum possibilities to assure 

 the continuance of present forest industries and to 

 provide for expansion. With the development of 

 second-growth longleaf and slash pine forests, 

 which yield adequate gum for naval stores but 

 which do not yield the same high-quality wood 

 products obtained from the original old growth, it 

 seems inevitable that the main forest industry will 

 continue to be the production of naval stores. 

 Since the gum naval stores and wood-products 

 industries are integrated, the future of the latter 

 will depend principally upon the condition of the 

 stands left by the turpentine operator. Deep chip- 

 ping, hanging too many cups on the tree, cupping 

 small trees, inserting tins too deeply, and failure to 

 protect resting and worked-out turpentine trees 

 from fire have not only materially retarded the 

 diameter growth of the individual trees and reduced 

 their volume of merchantable saw timber, but have 

 in addition abnormally reduced the number of 

 trees. To remedy this situation and to build up 

 (perhaps double) the growing stock to full capacity, 

 the following measures appear essential: 



1 . The producers of gum naval stores should work 

 their woods much more conservatively in order to 

 decrease the susceptibility of turpentine pines to 

 wind and fire damage, to increase their rate of 

 growth, and to leave a higher quality of timber for 

 the wood-products industries. 



2. Nearly a million acres of abandoned naval 

 stores forest scattered throughout northeastern 

 Florida, and now stagnating, should be logged 

 off in order to remove the overburden of worked- 

 out pines and allow a return to productivity. 



3. Immediate steps should be taken to assure 

 the early reforestation of the larger clear-cut areas 



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