operation be confined to a single topographic 

 situation, for the river bottoms intersect both the 

 flatwoods and rolling uplands; bays and branch 

 heads are found principally in the uplands, and 

 swamps and ponds in the flatwoods. 



Table 6. — Classification of forest area according to turpentining 

 history and topographic situation in the 1934—35 season 



Turpentining history ' 



Flat- 

 woods 



Rolling 

 uplands 



Swamps, 

 bays, 

 etc. 



All situations 





Acres 

 1, 069, 900 



320, 100 

 646, 500 



1, 244, 200 



Acres 

 481, 700 



112,000 

 123, 700 



384, 000 



Acres 

 389, 500 



54, 400 



124, 600 



239, 600 



Acres 

 1, 941, 100 



486, 500 

 894, 800 



1, 867, 800 



Percent 

 26.6 



Working area: 



6.7 



Back-faced ._ 



12.3 



Resting and worked-out 



25.5 







Total turpentining 



3, 280, 700 



1, 101, 400 



808, 100 



5, 190, 200 



71.1 







Unsuited for turpentin- 



480, 100 



550, 300 



1, 077, 100 



2, 107, 500 



28.9 







Total forest area... 



3, 760, 800 



1, 651, 700 



1, 885, 200 



7, 297, 700 



100.0 



1 For explanation of terms used see p. 1. 



The incidence of turpentine operations has been 

 used in classifying the turpentine acreage for 

 descriptive purposes. Round-timber areas still 

 bearing unturpentined longleaf and slash pines in 

 sufficient quantity to justify future working amount 

 to almost 2 million acres, the stands ranging from 

 reproduction to old-growth timber. Areas on 

 which trees are being chipped are designated as 

 "working." If the trees are cupped for their 

 first set of faces, the area is known as "front-faced"; 

 if a significant proportion of the trees are being- 

 worked for a second set of faces, it is known as "back- 

 faced." In northeastern Florida there is about 

 twice as much back-faced as front-faced area, 

 totaling almost 1 % million acres. 



Areas which have been but are not now working, 

 on which the indications are that a subsequent set 

 of faces may be possible, are termed "resting." 

 Where the present crop of trees has been exhausted 

 and further production must await the growth 

 of an adequate number of round trees, the area is 

 designated as "worked out." Owing to the 

 difficulty of determining what constitutes stocking 

 sufficient to justify another operation in the near 

 future, the resting and worked-out areas are 

 grouped together; but it is estimated that more than 

 1 million acres of this class are in a resting condi- 

 tion and that turpentining can be resumed there in 



the next few years. The remainder of the area 

 classified for continuing turpentine operations 

 (about 850,000 acres) either bears a stagnating 

 stand of worked-out trees, which must be removed 

 before restocking can take place, or will require 

 an extended period of waiting before sufficient 

 round trees develop to justify another operation. 



Operations in second-growth timber conform 

 in general to a fairly uniform pattern. The front- 

 faced area is worked for 6 years and then allowed 

 to rest for about 2 years. Cups are then hung on 

 back faces of most of the trees previously worked, 

 and front faces are started on round timber that 

 during the 8-year period attained sufficient size 

 for cupping. The second period of operation also 

 lasts 6 years, and again the area is allowed to rest, 

 this time usually for 4 years. A third period fol- 

 lows, with cups being hung on turpentined trees 

 with available space for back faces and on addi- 

 tional round timber. After this third 6-year period, 

 the area is often completely worked out, and when 

 the worked-out trees are removed it must be set 

 aside to grow a new stand of round timber. 



ROUND-TIMBER AREA 



Round-timber areas, which bear in the main the 

 reserve growing stock of the naval stores industry, 

 are principally represented by large bodies of 

 second growth in the northeastern counties and by 

 the remaining old growth in the Gulf Coast coun- 

 ties. Not all of the round-timber area is readily 

 accessible for turpentine operations. Small bodies 

 of timber, principally in the rolling uplands, may 

 be isolated by agricultural land. Also, under 

 normal conditions many portions of the swamps 

 are inaccessible. The flatwoods are apparently 

 most available, for during the 1934-35 season only 

 33 percent of the turpentine acreage in this topo- 

 graphic situation remained in round timber, whereas 

 44 percent of the rolling uplands, and 48 percent 

 of the swamps, bays, etc., were so classified (table 6). 



With the exception of the round-timber areas 

 still in old growth, practically all of the turpentine 

 area has witnessed operations. The old-growth 

 trees have usually been worked for gum during at 

 least 3 years prior to logging. Most of this acreage 

 then restocked to young pines and now bears the 

 bulk of the round timber. Small bodies of second 



20 



