INSECT ENEMIES OF WESTERN FORESTS 



51 



Here they transform to pupae and pass the remainder of the sea- 

 son and the winter. Infested tips can be identified, after the larvae 

 leave, by the dead, partially developed needles toward the apex 

 of the shoot, and by the fact that this part of the shoot, and usually 

 the buds, have been riddled by the larval burrows and crumble 

 readily when dry. 



Figure 19. — The western pine tip moth (Rhyacioma frustrana bushnelli) 

 A, Terminals of ponderosa pine damaged by caterpillars; B, adults, X 2. 



Rhyacionia pasadenana (Kearf.) (98) is a silver-gray moth 

 with reddish markings and a wing spread of % inch. The yellow- 

 ish-orange caterpillars bore through the buds and new growth of 

 Monterey, Bishop, and shore pine in the coastal section of 

 California, causing a pitchy exudation and the deformation or 



