INSECT ENEMIES OP WESTERN FORESTS 



147 



Figure 66. — The California five-spined engraver (Ips confusus) : A, Adult, 

 X 5; B, larva X 5; C, pupa X 5; D, typical egg gallery. (Drawing by 

 Edmonston.) 



months, much as is done in the control of the western pine beetle. 

 Usually such methods are not warranted, as outbreaks are sporadic 

 and can be avoided if roadway, line, or other slash created late in 

 the winter, in the spring, and early in the summer months is 

 burned or lopped and scattered where it will be fully exposed to 

 the sun. Such precautions are especially important in years show- 

 ing a marked deficiency in spring precipitation. 



The Arizona five-spined engraver (Ips lecontei Sw.) (10 U) is the 

 southwestern form of /. confusus. It attacks ponderosa and other 

 pines in the southern Rocky Mountain region and at times is ex- 

 ceedingly destructive. Its characteristics and habits are very 

 similar to those of its near relative, and the methods of control 



