196 MISC. PUBLICATION 273, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



Figure 93. — The roundheaded borer Arhopalus asperatus: A, Adults; B, 



larvae. Natural size. 



are black and about % inch long. The mature larvae, which are 

 about 1 inch long, mine under the bark, then extensively in the 

 sapwood, making tunnels oval in outline, and later extending their 

 borings into the heartwood for 6 to 8 inches. This species also 

 mines the wood of pines and Sitka spruce and is distributed 

 throughout the Pacific Coast and northern Rocky Mountain States. 

 A. nitidum Lee. is a larger, smoother, dark-brown to black beetle, 

 which in the larval stage does similar work in pines of the Pacific 

 coast. A. mokelumne (Csy.) is a similar species found in ponderosa 

 and Jeffrey pines of the Sierra Cascade ranges. Megasemum as- 

 perum (Lee), a longer, more cylindrical, dark reddish-brown 

 beetle, in the larval stage also bores in Douglas-fir in the Western 

 States. 



Spondylis upiformis Mann, is a dull black, robust beetle from y 2 

 to % inch long and with rather short antennae. The larvae bore 

 in the exposed roots and wood of ponderosa pine, sugar pine, west- 

 ern white pine, and lodgepole pine in the Pacific Coast and north- 

 ern Rocky Mountain States. 



The spruce limb borer (Opsimus quadrilineatus (Mann.)) is a 

 dark brown long-horned beetle from % to y 2 inch long, and with 

 four ridges on each wing cover. The larvae bore under the bark 

 and into wood of suppressed branches of Sitka spruce, Douglas- 

 fir, true firs, shore pine, and Monterey cypress along the Pacific 

 coast from California to Alaska. It also has been reported dam- 

 aging the seasoned wood of rustic homes in Oregon (53). 



The lion beetle (Ulochaetes leoninus Lee.) in the adult stage is 

 about 1 inch long and has very short, aborted black wing covers 

 tipped with yellow, which fail to cover the delicate underwings. 

 In appearance it looks more like a bumblebee than a beetle. The 

 larvae bore in the roots of pines, Douglas-fir, firs, and spruce in 

 the Pacific Coast States. 



Long-horned beetles of the tribe Lepturini are very numerous 

 as to species, and most often are found visiting flowers. Most of 

 them are of little economic importance, since the larvae feed on 

 old decaying wood. Leptura obliterata Hald. has been found in 

 abundance in fire-killed Douglas-fir (96), extending the deteriora- 



