10 MISC. PUBLICATION 657, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
a policy to procure and maintain so far as practicable, efficient pro- 
tection from insect epidemics in areas of the following character 
within the national parks and monuments: 
(1) Areas of intensive use, such as camp grounds, roadsides, and other devel- 
oped areas. 
(2) Areas of important scenic or esthetic attraction (unless the partial loss 
of the tree species attacked within a mixed stand will not materially affect the 
general appearance of the stand and its scenic or esthetic value, nor materially 
add to the fire hazard). 
(3) Areas of prospective intensive use within the next 10-year period. 
(4) Areas within the national park threatening protected areas within or 
outside the national park. 
(5) Areas of unusual fire hazard. 
(6) Areas set aside for study and research (unless natural agencies are to be 
left undisturbed). 
(7) Areas of especial historical significance, such as historical and military 
parks, monuments, and cemeteries. 
INSECTS IN RELATION TO CONSERVATION 
Recent interest in the reclaiming of eroded soils, in the protection 
of wild life, and in game management has developed the need for 
information where forest entomology contacts these fields. Like the 
forester, the entomologist in the past has given little thought to investi- 
gations within these bordering interests. It is evident that there is 
a growing need for the study of the problems connected with these 
relationships. 
Some insects destroy sod cover and forest seedlings. The locust 
borer has proved a limiting factor in the use of black locust for reclaim- 
ing poor soils. Other insects infest and worry game to the point of 
emaciation and death, and in many cases transmit epidemic diseases. 
The fire ant (Solenopsis geminata F.) is a pest of quail in Florida, 
killing the young birds in the nest. Plant-feeding insects occasionally 
defoliate extensive areas of some particular food crop needed by game. 
On the other hand, many species of game fish are largely dependent 
on the insect life of the streams, according to Bishopp (32), and 
arthropods are known to play an important role in making the soil 
more pervious and thus increase its water-retaining capacity. 
INSECTS AND DISEASES 
An up-to-date treatment of forest entomology cannot avoid a consid- 
eration of interrelated fungi. In fact, as research proceeds in this 
field, it is becoming more and more evident that many of our destrue- 
tive pests have a link in their life history where fungi are indispensable, 
and many fungi are only destructive through the presence of their 
special insect vectors. 
Many years ago Hubbard (247) pointed out the dependence of the 
ambrosia beetles on certain fungi that they cultured in their galleries. 
Since then it has been demonstrated that many more species of bark 
beetles are more or less directly dependent on associated fungi. Dend- 
roctonus frontalis, for example, introduces a certain blue stain fungus, 
Ceratostomella pini, as it attacks. This fungus rapidly develops in the 
sapwood and cuts off water conduction. so that death of the tree and 
normal development of the bark-beetle broods result. Without these 
blue stains it is doubtful if the insects alone could kill the trees. Sim- 
