54 MISC. PUBLICATION 657, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
For large quantity For small quantities 
Insecticides—Continued 
(7) Derris or cube powder or extract (4 per- 11b. 4.8 gm. 3 teaspoonfuls. 
cent rotenone). - 
NETS) eer ee, ek el SOS De gt eee _ 100 gal. 1 gal. 1 gal. 
SLOVO) (OVD): See N ee ee Saulb: 14 gm. Piece size of yeast cake. 
or 
TeatotbIGl ony oy ae ee 6 pt. 28 cc. 6 teaspoonfuls. 
or 
SLO} 0) TOVON Ge 8 Se cle ey oe es 6 lb. 28 ce. 6 teaspoonfuls. 
(8) Dormant spray: 
Onllemulsion ae eee ee ee 5 gal. 189 ce. 6.4 fluid oz. 
Win erste cae Ree ee ih or eee 95 gal. 3,634 ce. fatoupes 
(9) Dormant spray: 
WM Beyer] oy xtayh e e 4 gal. 151.4 ce. 5 fluid oz. 
Wistert oe sa ees Be Bae ee 96 gal. 3,634 ce. Cet 101 
(10) Summer spray: 
INIESCID LEO Tee oe Seren eee es 1 gal. 37.86 cc. 1.3 fluid oz. 
Wi terete ae Sa Se eee Se 99 gal. 1 gal. 1 gal. 
(11) Dormant spray Dry Liquid 
Lime-sulfur (liquid Ondny) eee ee 33 Ib. 150 gm. 5 oz. (avoir.) 10 gal. 378 cc. 
Wie tere ats eee er a en) Se ae 100 gal. 1 gal. 1 gal. 90 gal. 0.8 pt. 
2) S@imie-siil tre ee eee 8.25 Ib. Beene AOA OYA. 2.5 gal. 95 ee. 
Wis tenn sue Saas ee ees Se eae eee 100 gal. 1 gal. 1 gal. 97 gal. 3690 ec. 
The following formulas are for distribution by aircraft, mist blow- 
ers, and hand atomizers: 
(Apply at rate of 0.5 to 2 Ih. in 1 to 2 gal. per acre) 
@2DD ie (echnical) === 2292.3 ees 6 OZ. 8 oz. 1 1b. dissolved in 1 qt. xylene. 
SoOlven tee ee eee 2 ee 1gal. kerosene 1 gal. fuel oil Enough fuel oil to make 1 gal. of 
solution. 
(2) DDT (technical): 11b. dissolved in 1 qt. of xylene. 
Emulsifying agent: 1.5 oz. 
Water: Enough to make 1 gal. 
(3) DDT (50 percent wettable powder): 2 lb. in 
enough water (7.5 pt.) to make 1 gal. 
(4) Benzene hexachloride (10 percent gamma): 1 Ib. 
Water: Enough to make 1 gal. 
eet 3 oz. oil (1 oz. motor oil and 2 oz. linseed 
oil). 
SPREADERS AND ADHESIVES 
Spreaders added to spray mixtures tend to distribute or spread the 
insecticide more evenly over the plant or insect, as the case may be, by 
diminishing the forces of surface and interfacial tension. Unfor- 
tunately, spreaders reduce materially the deposit of insecticide, as well 
as its adherence. Some alkaline spreaders tend to decompose such 
insecticides as arsenicals and this may cause plant injury or result in in- 
effective control. Examples of spreaders are: Butylhydroxypheny= 
benzene sulfonate, alkylpheny=benzene sulfonic acid, sodium lauryl 
sulfate, various sulfonated alcohols, sulfonated castor oil, calcium 
caseinate, and soaps. Except for the soaps, most spreaders in the 
powdered form are used in the proportion of about 1 pound to 100 
gallons of water. 
Certain oils added to spray mixtures increase the adherence of the 
insecticide. Raw, unemulsified linseed oil and fish oil are most com- 
monly used with ordinary sprays on shade and forest trees. 
When dusts are applied as stomach poisons, their adherence may be: 
increased by adding 10 to 20 percent of oil (one-half fish oil or linseed 
oil and one-half paraffin oil) by weight, depending on the amount of 
oil the dust will absorb without affecting its application by a dusting 
machine. 
SPRAYING AND DUSTING EQUIPMENT 
Recent advances have been made by the Division of Forest Insect, 
Investigations in the development of spray mixtures of high concen- 
trations (Potts 357). In these sprays the amount of water or other 
liquid used as a carrier ranges from 1 to 10 gallons per acre, whereas 
