Ds MISC. PUBLICATION 657, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
INSECTS ATTACKING SEEDLINGS AND SMALL REPRODUCTION—Continued 
Hale Northern and Lake States, 
Pales weevil, Coleoptera, Curculionidae 
More southern and western States and Lake States 
Grasshoppers, Orthoptera, Acrididae 
DIVISION B 
INSECTS INJURIOUS TO LARGER REPRODUCTION, FOREST TREES, 
AND SHADE TREES 
and shade trees other than those insects confined primarily to small plants (Divi- 
sion A), but not those primarily inhabiting dead trees or those attacking forest 
products (Division C). 
lf Foliage discolored, yellowish, rusty, or mottled and usually covered 
with very fine cobweblike threads or matting_ Red spiders, Acarina 
Injury consisting of defoliation, leaf rolling, leaf tying, or bag- 
worms, leaf or petiole miners, and bast or epidermis miners on 
This group includes the insects and mites which commonly attack living forest 
sTreen=barked. Stems: 2 | rise eo oe ee ie a ee eee 2 | 
Injury occurring on new growth, twigs, branches, or small trees, | 
parts mined, pruned, withered, or flagged____-__-._...-22 2-22 a 
Injury caused by larvae or beetles boring in the bark, under the | 
barksvor im sthe wi Ode ce tote: sigue ere ook 2 BONE 1 ane ane 165 | 
Injury consisting of a gall or swelling on the stem, branch, or | 
Ne ah Pe pe ati Nr aay ie ent Re PT cc 0 Teed ep A Ds Oe EO 24 
Injury resulting from the feeding of sucking insects on leaves, 
twigs, or bark surfaces, usually the softer tissues of the plant___ 
hard-bodied, fixed scales; soft-bodied aphids; or actively 
moving tree hoppers or leafhoppers, ete__.______-----.-.---- 32 
DEFOLIATION AND OTHER INJURY 
zZ. Injury “caused doy bectlesse< S22 Gaetan Be Se eee ee eee 
Injuryacausediby-larvaetra. ee eae BT eae: eee ane 
Injury caused by other forms or insect not present.__...__-___-- 
3. Adults and larvae associated on the leaves 
Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae 
Adultsconlvs presents 4 ooo See ee ee a ee eee 4 
4, Rather hard-shelled beetles, usually feeding at night 
Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae 
HD Ore 
Small bright-colored, jumping beetles 
Flea beetles, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae 
Dull black, purplish, or gray, soft-bodied beetles 
Blister beetles, Coleoptera, Meloidae 
Small=snowtbeetlesss a= ae oe ee Coleoptera, Curculionidae 
5. Prolegs Usually e250 5a ans eee nes ee ee eee Lepidoptera 
Prolegs, usually 6 or more pairs or none 
Sawflies, Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae 
Prolegs, inconspicuous; leaf- or bast-mining forms_—________-___- 2 (12) 
6. Circular holes cut in the leaves__ Bees, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae 
Leaves rolled into a small compact bundle 
Leaf rollers, Coleoptera, Attelabidae 
Grasshoppers associated with injury____Orthoptera, Acrididae 
Walkingsticks associated with injury___Orthoptera, Phasmatidae 
12'There seems to be no simple and practical method of separating the leaf 
miners of the four orders that have species with this habit. Those found in 
conifers are probably either Lepidoptera or Hymenoptera; and those on hard- 
woods may be Lepidoptera or Hymenoptera, or of the families Curculionidae, 
Chrysomelidae, or Buprestidae of the Coleoptera; or they may be Diptera of the 
families Agromyzidae or Cecidomyiidae. 
