76 MISC. PUBLICATION 657, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
SUCKING INSECTS—Continued 
30. Fir trees unhealthy and dying; trunks infested with masses of soft- 
bodied insects appearing as a whitish wool 
Fir bark louse, p. 137 
Beech trees unhealthy and slowly dying, with dead areas of bark on 
stems covered with whitish masses of soft-bodied insects 
Beech scale, p. 140 
Trees infested with scalelike, gall-like, or soft grublike insects, and 
covered with wax in the form of powder or tufts 
Homoptera, Coccidae 
DIVISION C 
INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FOREST PRODUCTS 
This division or group includes insects causing the type of injury 
met with in the handling of forest products, 1. e., logs and lumber, 
poles, posts, piling, and manufactured mater lals, as eae eun stocks, 
stored wood, and “wood in buildings. Certain types of damage found 
in green logs or freshly sawed lumber are the result of insects bori ing 
in the phloem or wood of the living tree. These are treated here for 
convenience. They are usually distinguishable by the more or less 
stained condition of the surrounding wood, pitch infiltration, or the 
presence of scar (callous) tissue. These injurious insects may be clas- 
sified as follows: 
Defects occurring in the wood of green logs or lumber, which are revealed as 
the logs are sawed; usually as darkly stained, pitch-infiltrated wood, or 
seare(Gallous) tissues se oe See he ee a Be Pe ee ee eee 1 
Injury occurring to material having the bark present (lumber excepted), 
such as round logs after the trees are felled and left either in the woods or 
atthe amrll Sor utilized itormustic worknetCe = se a= = eee eee eee 6 
Injury to freshly sawed lumber, seasoned lumber, stored and manufactured 
TAFETIALS OTs wi O Care cky Url Chin Oise a ete = Ege ee 
Injury to material in contact with the ground, such as cross ties, posts, poles, 
foundation materials, piling above water, etc2_2 222 92 = ee a eae 1 
Injury occurring to the submerged portions of piling or woodwork in 
brackish or salt Water =- =.= Marine borers (Shipworms and wood lice) 12 
DEFECTS IN GREEN TIMBER 
1 dny hardwoodse2' se] ys ae ee Eg ee 
IMEC ONTRET Seen = eee ene Baya ee eee LS SS UN See ete oh alee 
2. Holes small, ‘‘pinholes,’’ 4 inch or less in cross section; circular, 
open. 1) et never filledjwith boring dust2. 3.2 -_ = = a eee 
Holes larger, ‘‘grub holes,’’ up to %4 inch in diameter, usually oval 
in cross section, usually open, not filled with boring dust________ 
Pith flecks in wood, birch, maple, etc. 
Diptera, Agromyzidae, Agromyza 
3. Pinholes, about % inch in size, of uniform diameter throughout, 
wood stained in streaks, in oaks and yellow poplar 
Coleoptera, Scolytidae, Corthylus 
Holes tapering, several sizes grouped together and originating in a 
wound: 
Holes up to % inch in diameter, in chestnut and chinquapin 
Coleoptera, Melittomma 
Holes up to % inch in diameter, in oak and other woods 
Coleoptera, Arrhenodes 
Bm © Ob 
7 
