INSECT ENEMIES OF EASTERN FORESTS 
DEFECTS IN GREEN TIMBER—Continued 
Variable-sized holes grouped and radiating from wounds or cavities 
Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Parandra; Tenebrionidae, 
Strongylium; Brentidae, Arrhenodes 
Still larger grub holes, up to 1 inch in diameter, usually appearing 
singly and not associated with wounds. ; 
In hickory 
Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Goes; Lepidoptera, Cossidae, 
Cossula 
In poplar and cottonwood 
Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Saperda,  Plectrodera; 
Lepidoptera, Cossidae, Prionorystus; Lepidoptera, 
Aegeriidae, Aegeria 
In maple 
Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Glyccbius; Coleoptera, 
Tenebrionidae, Strongylium; Lepidoptera, Cossidae, 
Zeuzera, Prionoxystus; Aegeriidae, Conopia 
ia es) gies es ea ee or Lepidoptera, Aegeriidae, Podosesia 
Imepersimmon )s..2 = 255 Lepidoptera, Aegeriidae, Sannina 
[ Proonoxystus 
Imslocus tame ee Lepidoptera, Cossidae: Zeuzera 
Cossula 
Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cyllene 
Pitch pockets: in the wood______ Pitch moths, Lepidoptera, 
Aegeriidae, Parharmonia; Phycitidae, Dioryctria; Coleoptera, 
Scolytidae, Dendroctonus 
Holes filled with boring dust, associated with turpentine faces or 
fire scars 
In the South, pines____ Coleoptera, Buprestidae, Buprestis 
In the North, pines or other conifers 
Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Buprestidae 
INSECTS IN ROUND LOGS 
Sawdust excuding from small round ‘pinholes’? (%o inch or less 
in diameter) on the surface of the bark; wood usually stained 
around the holes_______ Ambrosia beetles, Coleoptera, Scolytidae 
Sawdust exuding from larger holes; larvae present under the bark 
or in wood 
Coleoptera, Cerambycidae Cyllene, Chion, Callidium, Mon- 
ochamus, Elaphidion 
Sawdust not exuded; the only evidence of work is the presence of 
larvae or galleries under bark or in the wood 
Larvae elongate, eylindrical______ Coleoptera, Cerambycidae 
larvae tlatsheaded_ 22222 2 et Coleoptera, Buprestidae 
Larvae curved, legless; only one larva to a burrow 
Coleoptera, Curculionidae 
Larvae curved, legless; several larvae in a burrow, each 
usually separated by a pith or clay partition across the 
gallery.__ Hymenoptera, Sphecidaz, Vespidae, Xylocopidae 
Larvae and bark beetles associated.__Coleoptera, Scolytidae 
INSECTS IN LUMBER 
Fine sawdust exuding from small “pinholes” (less than '%o inch 
in diameter) in green lumber; holes usually darkly stained 
Ambrosia beetles, Coleoptera, Scolytidae 
Sawdust, if exuding, coming from larger holes in drier lumber, 
ChiteAaplN OMUNAO nA OLet se eeeicene. Sel Salle fs ee RE Rey 
Damage to lumber with the bark present: ; 
arvae-eclongate2 22-202 2 SS Coleoptera, Cerambycidae 
ILMIATG Chincha ee eee Coleoptera, Bostrichidae 
Damage not associated with presence of bark on material______-__- 
