78 MISC. PUBLICATION 657, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
INSECTS IN LUMBER—Continued 
9. Fine sawdust exuding from circular or oval holes: 
Small curved larvae________._._______Coleoptera, Lyctidae 
Hlongatelarvaes==202 ose = Coleoptera, Cerambycidae 
Large black ants associated with damage; sawdust accumulating 
in large piles from damp wood 
Carpenter ants, Hymenoptera, Formicidae 
Damage concealed and sawdust usually not falling from holes____- 10 
10. Larval tunnels packed with sawdust: 
Larvae elongate, cylindrical______ Coleoptera, Cerambycidae 
Larvae elongate, flatheaded_____-_- Coleoptera, Buprestidae 
Tunnels open: 
Irregular cavities following the grain of the wood loosely 
filled with fine impressed pellets 
Dry-wood termites, Isoptera 
Round holes 1% inch or less in diameter, often w ‘ith cross 
partitions or cells 
Carpenter bee, p., 635, Hymenoptera, Xylocopidae, 
Vespidae, Sphecidae 
INSECTS IN MATERIALS IN GROUND 
et Large, elongate larvae associated with damage consisting of 
grub holes extending through the wood 
Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Parandra, Orthosoma, Prionus 
Oedemeridae, Nacerdes 
Large irregular cavities eaten in the wood, representing spring 
wood; usually extending with the grain of the wood; sides of cavi- 
ties plastered with claylike excrement 
“White ants,’ Isoptera, p. 85 
Large irregular cavities eaten into wood, usually cutting across 
the grain, surfaces smooth, no excrement, large piles of sawdust 
accumulating outside; large black ants associated with injury 
in moist or damp wood 
Carpenter ants, Hymenoptera, Formicidae, p. 622 
DEFECTS IN WOOD IN SALT OR BRACKISH WATER 
12. Submerged portions of piling or woodwork channeled by burrows 
of varying diameters and often lined with a caleareous deposit 
Marine borers (shipworms and wood lice, or gribble), p. 66. 
IMPORTANT ORDERS OF INSECTS 
The listing and brief treatment of the more important, injurious 
forest insects, is the primary purpose of this publication. There are, 
however, several orders of insects that are abundant in forests or 
streams, but not destructive to forest growth. As some of these are 
frequently brought to the attention of the forester, particularly now 
that wildlife and game in the forest have bec ome recognized as an 
important resource, it is proper to discuss them briefly before turning 
to the major forest pests. 
Several of the orders of insects, such as the fish flies (Neuroptera), 
the mayflies (Ephemeroptera), the dragonflies (Odonata), the stone 
flies (Plecopter a), and certain true bugs (Hemiptera) are primarily 
aquatic and furnish the most of the food of some fishes. Often they 
are the determining factor between abundance and scarcity of the 
game fishes, Other orders, such as the fleas (Siphonaptera), the bird 
lice (Mallophaga), and true lice (Anoplura) have representatives that 
are et of warm-blooded animals living in the forests. 
