INSECT ENEMIES OF EASTERN FORESTS 105 
is rather rare, It differs from the species of Oecanthus by havine the 
hind tibiae unarmed and the wings nearly twice as long as the tegmina. 
It lays its eggs singly in the bark or cambium of various trees. vines, 
and shrubs. | 
The tree crickets can be controlled by spraying with an arsenical 
early in the summer, when they are young. 
SUCKING INSECTS 
Orper HEMIPTERA 
By. W. L. BAKer, P. W. OMAN, and THAppEUsS J. Parr 
The order Hemiptera is generally considered as being composed of 
two suborders, Heteroptera and Homoptera. Many species belonging 
to these groups are recognized as serious pests of agricultural crops, 
but comparatively few have received attention as forest pests. This 
is probably because the injury caused by the feeding of sucking insects 
is rather inconspicuous and often slow in development. On many 
trees it does not become apparent until after the insects have disap- 
peared; consequently, the weakened or unhealthy appearance of the 
trees is attributed to unfavorable growing conditions or some other 
factor. Much additional study is therefore needed to determine the 
actual importance of the many species commonly found on forest 
trees and to develop effective control measures for the ones that prove 
to be of economic significance. 
The following keys are intended to facilitate recognition of eco- 
nomically important species. Species of little or no economic im- 
portance, but commonly encountered in forests, will usually run to 
family or subfamily names only. 
FIELD KEY FOR APPROXIMATE DETERMINATION OF SUCKING INSECTS OF 
THE ORDER HEMIPTERA 
I. Wings, when present, of uniform texture; usually carried rooflike over 
sides and dorsum of abdomen; mouth parts attached to or projecting 
from the posterior ventral portion of the head; head closely joined 
to the prothorax; legs present or absent in adult stages 
Suborder Homoptera (p. 119) 
II. Wings usually present, not of uniform texture; forewings carried flat 
over the back with the tips overl apping; mouth parts attached to 
the front part of the head; head generally not closely joined to the 
prothorax; legs always present____-_ Suborder Heteroptera (p. 112) 
FIELD KEY TO HETEROPTERA 
1s Antennae shorter than head, generally hidden in a cavity beneath 
the eyes___--- Aquatic or semiaquatic groups (not treated)-_ 
Antennae as long as or longer than head, not hidden in a cavity 
beneathiethe eyes 249s" es ee Terrestrial groups 
2 (1). Antennae 5-segmented; scutellum reaching at least to the base of 
the membranous portion of the forewing_ Pentatomidae (p. 114). 
Antennae 4-segmented; scutellum not reaching the base of the 
membranous portion Of the forewing = 2222255. 54-252 2222 
3 (2). Tarsi 3-segmented; sternum without keel________.__________--- 
Ww bv 
H& O1 
Tarsi 2-segmented; sternum with a keel______- --Acanthosominae 
4 (3). Beak slender, basal joint slender and lying in a groove along 
under side of head (phytophagus)________--_-- Pentatominae 
Beak robust, basal joint short, thick, and inserted at the apex 
of head; under side of head without groove. (Predaceous except 
in the first instars of some species.) _-..--Asopinae (p. 114). 
