a Cl})): 
FIELD KEY TO THE GENERA OF SCALE INSECTS BASED PRINCIPALLY ON 
1 
2 Cl): 
INSECT ENEMIES OF EASTERN FORESTS 
KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF HOMOPTERA—Continued 
Intermediate coxae long, similar to the anterior coxae, and 
attached at a point distant from middle of body; usually a 
scalelike sheath over base of forewing at point of attachment 
Superfamily Fulgoroidea. 
Intermediate coxae short, not similar to the anterior coxae, and 
attached near middle line of body; no seale over insertion of 
forewing 
fos Cercopidae (spittle bugs). 
Posterior tibia armed with many stout setae arranged in rows 
Cicadellidae (leafhoppers). 
HOST PLANTS 
Restricted feeders on specific host plants_. -_~__ _=-2_2_2__ =2_ 
General feeders found on a variety of plant hosts______________ 
OneCOmiuC rs wets a ene. ee oe ee ee Ne nae nee 
On hardwoods (see appropriate host). 
Beech branches and trunks; mature female oblong; 1 mm. or 
less long; color yellow, body covered with white woolly wax 
Cryptococcus (p. 140). 
Celestrus or euonymus leaves and stems, female oblong, 
broadened posteriorly ,dirty gray to nearly black; small 
white male scales usually abundant and conspicuous in clus- 
COTSLONMSIC AVES = eee Se oe NE Unaspis euonymt (p. 149). 
Elm bark, branches and stems; mature female oval; about 2 
mm. long; color red brown, body with white waxy fringe 
aboutemargin— =s=< = Se ee ere Gossyparia (p. 142). 
Euonymus or Celestrus leaves and stems; female oblong, 
broadened posteriorly, dirty gray to nearly black; small white 
-male scales usually abundant and conspicuous in clusters on 
Fea eSierae a ene = ena fete eee ee Unaspis euonymi (p. 149). 
Horsechestnut twigs and branches; mature female oblong; 1 to 
2 mm. long; color dark gray to black with lighter border 
Aspidiotus, in part (p. 148). 
Magnolia twigs and branches; mature female round or slightly 
oblong; about 1 centimeter in diameter: color rich dark brown; 
Net VerCOMMEK He ia Se SS a ee: Neolecanium (p. 144). 
Maple: 
a. On leaves. Mature female 4 mm. or more long. 
b. Color dark purplish; large white egg sac with 2 
longitudinal grooves and several transverse 
GOS es usa See ne eens Sere Pulvinaria (p. 148). 
bb. Color yellow; body covered with large white 
cottony mass of wax thread. On sugar maple 
Phenacoccus (p. 142). 
aa. Onstems and branches (Southern States). Mature female 
round to oval; about 2 mm. long; color gray; dark 
nipple concentrically placed__Chrysomphalus (p. 149). 
Oak: 
a. Mature female gall or berrylike in shape; 3 to 4 mm. in 
diameter; color brown with mottling. On twigs and 
sometimes on leaves_._.--_=_-==-_-__ Kermes (p. 140). 
aa. Mature females nearly round; 1 to 1% mm. in diameter; 
color reddish brown; body covered with translucent 
greenish wax “‘test’’; causing small craterlike or pit- 
like galls on twigs, branches, and stems. Various spe- 
cies of white oak group__-___- Asterolecanium (p. 148). 
Pecan branches, stems and fruit in Southern States, not 
producing red coloration under infested bark; mature female 
round to oval; about 2 mm. long; color gray; dark nipple 
concentricallys placed === === == Chrysomphalus (p. 149). 
107 
WH bo 
