INSECT ENEMIES OF EASTERN FORESTS Te) aS) 
has the cheeks edged with a narrow green line. P. circumcinctus is 
somewhat smaller than P. bioculatus (F.), the double-eyed seldier 
bug. It is brown, sometimes tinged with reddish, and the pronotum 
and scutellum are marked with pale-yellow-to-ivory marginal stripes. 
z Famity ARADIDAE 
The aradids are known as flatbugs. They may be recognized by 
their strongly flattened oval form. Most species are small brown or 
blackish bugs seldom more than 10 mm. in length. They are usually 
found beneath closely fitting bark or in narrow crevices in the wood 
of trees that have recently died or have been felled but a year or two. 
They tend to be gregarious, living in small colonies comprised of both 
adults and nymphs. It is believed that they feed principally on fungi. 
Most species, at least in the Northern States, hibernate in both the 
adult and nymphal stages. 
Famity TINGIDAE 
The tingids, with their broad gauzelike or lacelike wing covers, their 
prothoracic expansions, and the reticulations of their hoods, are easily 
recognized. There are a great many species in this family, all of 
which live and feed on the under surfaces of leaves. The upper surface 
of the infested leaf usually changes 
color, becoming either whitened or 
brownish and dead in appearance. 
The under side of an infested 
leaf becomes conspicuously speckled 
with eggs, excrement, and cast skins 
of the developing nymphs. The 
winter is passed either as adults 
under bark scales or other cover on 
the host trees, as eggs cemented to 
the under surface of leaves and cov- 
ered with a gluelike substance, or 
embedded in leaf tissue and covered 
with a brown crusty material. Most 
species have 2 generations each year. 
In the Eastern States over 70 spe- 
cies, all belonging to the subfamily 
Tinginae, are recognized, and most 
of these are confined either to a 
single host species or to very closely 
related host species. Ficure 18—Adult of the sycamore 
The sycamore lacebug (Cory- laceb ug (Coryth ucha ciliata). 
aie ; Greatly enlarged. 
thucha ciliata (Say)) (fig. 18), 
feeds principally on sycamore, al- 
though it has been recorded on ash, hickory, and mulberry. It is 
fairly common over the entire Eastern States (Wade, 423). 
Oorythucha ciliata lays its eggs along the ribs of the undersurface of 
leaves early in the spring. The eggs hatch in 2 to 3 weeks and the 
nymphs mature in another 5 to 6 weeks. In the North there are two 
generations each year, and even more in the South and Southwest. 
This lacebug passes the winter in the adult stage. 
