146 (MISC. PUBLICATION 657, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
FicguRE 33.—Iemales of the magnolia scale 
(Neolecanium cornuparvum on mag- 
nolia tree. 
States and southern Canada. 
It has a wide range of forest- 
and shade-tree hosts, having 
been reported on sassafras, mul- 
berry, elm, oak, maple, beech, 
ash, hackberry, Osage-orange, 
locust, Chinaberry, hawthorn, 
hickory, black walnut, butter- 
nut, redbud, magnoha, poplar, 
willow, boxwood, and arbor- 
vitae. 
Females of this scale are dark 
brown to reddish, more or less 
oval, and very convex. When 
full grown, they are from 1.5 to 
3 mm. long, and are often cov- 
ered with a whitish pulveres- 
cence. They deposit their eggs 
early in the summer. At first 
the young nymphs occur any- 
where over the undersurface of 
leaves, but after the first molt 
they may be found along the 
veins. Before leaf drop in the 
fall the nymphs migrate to 
the bark of twigs and small 
branches, where they overwin- 
ter. There is a single genera- 
tion a year. 
According to Fenton (156) 
this scale is especially destruc- 
tive on elm in Oklahoma, killing 
branches, stunting tree growth, 
and in general making infested 
trees susceptible to attack by 
other insects and diseases. 
The terrapin scale (Lecan- 
tum nigrofasciatum Perg.), also 
known as the black-banded 
scale, is widely distributed over 
the Eastern States and southern 
Canada and attacks sycamore, 
maple, boxelder, and hawthorn. 
A full-grown female is from 3 
to 4 mm. long, shghtly nar- 
rower, and very convex. In 
general the color is reddish to reddish brown, with black banding and 
mottling. Sometimes the mottling is missing and the scale is entirely 
reddish brown or black. 
In the Northern States Lecanium nigrofasciatum overwinters as 
nearly mature females. Eggs are laid in June and hatch soon there- 
after. There is only one generation a year. Heavily infested trees 
may be severely injured through a lowering of their vigor from feed- 
ing by the scales. The insects excrete copious quantities of honeydew, 
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