INSECT ENEMIES OF EASTERN FORESTS 157 
dibles are sickle-shaped and pointed for grasping prey, and the legs 
five-jointed, with the fifth jomt bearing a distinct movable claw or a 
pair of claws; this character readily distinguishes these larvae and the 
few related families from all other Coleoptera. They usually have 
jointed appendages, cerci, on the ninth abdominal segment. 
Calosoma sycophanta (1) is a large very conspicuous bluish-black 
beetle, 24 to 830 mm. in length, with golden-green elytra. It has been 
introduced from Europe to feed on the gypsy moth. It has become 
well adapted to conditions here and has spread widely in the North- 
east and is now probably the most useful species of the genus. Both 
the adults and larvae climb trees and are voracious feeders on cater- 
pillars and their pupae. They are wanton marauders, biting and 
destroying many individuals that they cannot consume. The adults 
may live 4 years, sometimes hibernating over one complete season. 
The larva is dark colored, large, and fusiform, with the thoracic and 
abdominal segments bearing strongly chitinized brownish-black 
plates, and the ninth segment conical jointed cerci. 
Calosoma reticulatum (F.) and C. inqguisitor (l.) have been in- 
troduced from Europe and colonized in the New England States, and 
C. chinense Kirby has been brought in from Asia, but there is no 
evidence that they have become established. @C. frigidum Kirby, C. 
willcoa Lec., C. scrutator (¥.), and C. calidum (¥.), are widely dis- 
tributed native species in the Central and Eastern States. All these 
feed on caterpillars and pupae of Lepidoptera, sawflies, and other in- 
sects. The calosoma beetles were discussed by Burgess and Collins 
(GAL) Tay IDI 
The records of the Division of Forest Insect Investigations con- 
tain references to over 30 genera of Carabidae associated with trees 
or with insects attacking trees, yet the group as a whole has received 
little study from an economic standpoint, and its role in the forest is 
imperfectly known. One of the commonest habitats for carabid larvae 
is under the bark of various trees where they are associated with bark 
beetles and are often predators on the immature stages. Ch/aenius 
erythropus Germ., Dicaelus purpuratus Bon., Agonum spp., and 
Tachys spp., are frequently collected in such places. 
Geopinus incrassatus De}., Harpalus spp., and Scarites subterraneus 
F. are frequently met with in seedbeds, where they injure the young 
seedlings. 
Galerita janus F. and G. bicolor Drury are conspicuous carabids, 
frequently met with under stones in the forest and under loose bark 
of logs. They average about-20 mm. in length. The thorax is red 
and the elytra bluish black, and they have long, red legs. 
Several species of Bembidion are common under the bark of trees 
and logs, where they are probably predaceous on small insect life. 
Famity CICINDELIDAE 
The Tiger Beetles 
The tiger beetles are mentioned (if an apology be needed) primarily 
to satisfy the curiosity of the more observant woodsman. On bright, 
sunny, summer days brilliant green or bluish-gray beetles of the genus 
Cicindela can be seen running actively along the sandy beaches of 
streams, woodland roads, and trails, or flymg with surprising speed 
