176 MISC. PUBLICATION 657, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
Atlantic coast. A shiny, dark-brown beetle about 23 mm. long, it is 
probably most abundant and important in the northern portions of 
the Lake States. Apparently the adults prefer oak and aspen areas, 
but feed readily on a very large number of plants, which may account 
in part for its wide distribution. 
The life cycle ranges from 3 years in Mississippi to probably 5 years 
in upper Michigan. The larvae are aggressive feeders, and are un- 
doubtedly responsible for most of the nursery and plantation injury 
in northern Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. Pupation occurs 
from July to September ,and the adults reach maturity in 2 or 3 weeks. 
The species overwinters in the adult and larval stages. The males are 
attracted by hghts. 
Phyllophaga marginalis (ec.) is found from New York to South 
Carolina and west to Iowa. This is another shiny, dark-brown form, 
about 17 mm. long, apparently most abundant in heavy oak stands. A 
more selective feeder than P. drak ci, it is not generally distributed over 
all its range, but is concentrated in heavy oak, aspen, birch, and 
probably other hardwood areas. The larvae used in experiments fed 
on less than 5 percent of the coniferous seedlings provided, but their 
habits in the field have not yee been determined. 
Phyllophaga fervida (F.) ranges from New York to Georgia, and 
west to Mississippi, Missouri, and Lowe. The habits of this feebly 
shining, dark-brown species, about 22 mm. long, are little known, but 
it has been taken feeding on pecan in Mississippi. Its wide distribu- 
tion suggests general feeding, and it is a common species in hardwood 
stands in its range. The feeding habits of the larvae are not known. 
P. vehemens (Horn) is found mostly in Iowa, Illinois, and Kansas, but 
its range extends south to Mississippi. It 1 is a lar ge species, about 22 
mm. long, and is deep brown, with moderately shining Wing covers. 
The adults are known to feed on leaves of ash, walnut, eum, oak, ma- 
ple, pecan, poplar, rose, and willow, being therefore rather weneral i in 
this respect. The feeding habits of the larvae are not known. 
Phyllophaga fusca (Froel. ) ranges from Canada south to northern 
Georgia, west to Kansas, Colorado, Idaho, and W: ashington, having 
therefore probably the most northwesterly distribution of any species 
of the genus. It isa very dark brown, shining, but somewhat variable 
species, and is about 21 mm. long. This beetle occurs on both prairie 
and wooded areas, and feeds on a very large number of hardwood 
trees. The larvae have been reported from numerous localities as 
injurious to nurseries and plantations. Adults and larvae may be 
abundant locally. 
Phyllophaga anaia (Lec.) is found from eastern Canada to Montana 
and south to South Carolina, Mississippi, and Texas. The species is 
dark brown, moderately shining, and about 22 mm. long. It resembles 
P. fervida. P. anaia is a fairly general feeder on hardwoods and is 
seemingly associated with lowland areas. The larvae are known to be 
injurious to coniferous seedlings, but the species is relatively unim- 
portant because of its small numbers and because its lowland habitat 
is removed from most of the planting areas. 
Phyllophaga nitida (Lec.) ranges from Canada south to Pennsyl- 
vania, and west to Illinois, lowa, Utah, and Montana. It is a shining, 
uniformly deep-brown species, about 18 mm. long, and very similar to 
P. anxia, It is common in northern Minnesota. Adult food plants 
