178 MISC. PUBLICATION 657, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
and willow, and undoubtedly other hardwoods are taken. Little is 
known of the feeding habits of the grubs. 
Phyllophaga grac “ilis (Burm.) has been taken from eastern Canada 
to Georgia. west to Mieeaea and north to Michigan. This is one 
of the small species, being only about 13 mm. long. It is pale brown to 
tan and has shining wing covers. Oaks are the favorite food, but col- 
lections have been made from Juneberry, rose, and New Jersey tea. 
The life cycle covers 2 or 3 years, and differs from that of most Phy/- 
lophaga in that pupation occurs in the spring, at least in the latitude 
of central Michigan. Here the adults emerge about the middle of J uly, 
but earlier southward. Two or three varieties of the species are known 
The larvae destroyed coniferous seedlings under experimental condi- 
tions, but by no means to the same degree as P. drakei in the same 
locality. The flight period is comparatively very short, being only 
2 or 3 weeks, whereas P. drak ei, P. crenulata, and other species are ac- 
tive in the Huron National Forest for 10 to 12 weeks. The adults are 
strongly attracted by lights. 
Phyllophaga er enulata (Froel. ) is a species found from New York 
west to Michigan and oon and south to Mississippi and the Caro- 
linas. Dense populations seem to be uncommon. The adults are 
hairy, uniformly dull brown, and 16 to 20 mm. long. It feeds only 
on hardwood leaves, and in Michigan shows a distinct preference 
for Juneberry. In Mississippi it is a variable feeder, involving about 
20 trees and shrubs. In South Carolina it has been taken from hick- 
ory. persimmon, and black gum. On the Huron National Forest, 
hundreds were collected, but never at a height above 5 feet. In Mis- 
sissippi 1t destroys flowers on pecan trees, certainly at a much greater 
height. The species appears to be more common in bushy upland than 
in heavy timber stands. The life cycle is 2 or 3 years in duration. 
with pupation occurring in the fall. The larvae, under very limited 
tests, were destructive to seedlings, but to a much less degree than 
P. drakei. Neither sex is much attracted to hghts. 
Phyllophaga soror (Davis) is known to occur in North and South 
Carolina but probably occurs in adjacent States along the Atlantic. 
The adults are light brown and about 15 mm. long, being therefore 
only slightly larger than P. gracilis. Their recorded food plants are 
elm, water oaks, and black oaks. The life cycle is probably 2 years 
in duration.. Pupation occurs in June, the species being similar to 
gracilis in this respect, and peak emergence is in July. Heavy in- 
festations occur locally in the Carolinas ‘and perhaps elsewhere. The 
grubs, as in the case of P. marginalis, only slightly injured seedlings 
used in experiments. 
Phyllophaga futilis (Lec.) is found in eastern Canada, south to 
Virginia anu Mississippi, and west to Lowa, Kansas, and Nebraska. 
This light-brown, shining species is about 15 mm. long and is some- 
times very abundant loc ally. The principal food plants of the adults 
are oaks, pecan, elm, butternut, hawthorn, hazel, and basswood, but 
a dozen others have been recorded. The life cycle covers 2 or 3 years, 
with pupation occurring in the fall. The feeding habits of the 
larvae have not been determined. 
Phyllophaga tristis (F.) 1s a species occurring from New York 
to South Carolina, west to Mississippi, and north to Iowa and Min- 
nesota. This small, hairy species is only about 12 mm. long, yellow- 
