INSECT ENEMIES OF EASTERN FORESTS 179 
ish brown, and distinctly broadened caudally. It is sometimes very 
abundant in Iowa, but scarce throughout much of its range. The 
chief food plants are oaks, persimmon, maple, elm, and willow; but 
many others are known. A 2- to 3-year life cycle, with pupation oc- 
curring in the fall, has been determined for the species. The larvae 
have caused serious damage to red pine transplants at the Chittenden 
Forest Service Nursery in Michigan. Neither sex seems to be attracted 
by lights. 
Phyllophaga lanceolata (Say) ranges from South Dakota to Ari- 
zona, and east to Nebraska, Kansas,and Texas. This isa prairie form, 
about 16 mm. long, moderately shining, and dark brown. Food plants 
of the adults consist of the leaves of a very large number of trees, 
shrubs, and herbs, including numerous vegetables and field crops. 
The life cycle is 1 to 2 years in duration, and pupation occurs in late 
spring or early summer. The larvae are destructive to wheat and 
other small grains, and would probably feed readily on the roots of 
coniferous seedlings. 
Phyllophaga ilicis (Knoch) is widely scattered from New York to 
South Carolina, west to Mississippi, and north to Minnesota, and 
seemingly never a very abundant species, though known to be com- 
mon in an area along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan. Its food 
plants are oaks, hickory, persimmon, pecan, ash, aspen, hazel, and 
numerous other trees. The adults are large and robust, about 22 mm. 
long, hairy, and yellowish brown. The life cycle is 2 to 3 years, pupa- 
tion probably occurring in the fall. The feeding habits of the larvae 
are not known. 
Phyllophaga prununculina (Burm.) is apparently confined to the 
South Atlantic and Gulf coasts. The species is very shiny, dark red- 
dish to brown, and about 15 min. long. Its food plants seem to con- 
sist of pines, with loblolly and longleaf pine preferred, and various 
oaks. The life cycle is probably 2 to 3 years. Peak emergence in 
South Carolina is late in June and early in July. The larvae are very 
destructive to nursery stock. The species is attracted to hghts. 
SUBFAMILY RUTELINAE 
Except for Strigoderma and the introduced Popillia, the Rutelinae 
are convex and usually robust beetles. Most of the forms have the 
labrum short, the scutellum usually rounded behind, tarsi with cylin- 
drical joints, and the epimera visible from above. The adults are 
largely diurnal and feed chiefly on foliage, but Popi/lia is also a de- 
structive fruit eater. 
Little study has been made of the native species of the genus Anomala 
Sam., but an introduced species. the oriental beetle (A. orientalis 
Waterh.), has received considerable attention. The American species, 
of which more than 20 are known, have not been given common names. 
The oriental beetle is at present confined to the Atlantic Coast States, 
and the native forms occur throughout the eastern half of the United 
States. The adults are much smaller than those of the Phy//ophaga, 
seldom being more than 12 mm. long, and usually smaller. In color, 
they are extremely variable, ranging from dull yellow to black, and 
the wing covers are shiny and distinctly convex. The life cycle is 
completed in 1 year; adults are most abundant late in the spring and 
early summer. Some species pupate in the fall, others in the spring. 
