SS i TT Na ar 
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INSECT ENEMIES OF EASTERN FORESTS 199 
great quantities of spruce in West Virginia. Dr. Hopkins was much 
impressed with the beneficial effect of these clerid predators and be- 
lieved that the establishment of the European species in this country 
would do much good. Lumber companies in the region of the outbreak 
provided funds for Dr. Hopkins to collect and liberate some 4.000 
specimens. Unfortunately no beetles have been found since, and it is 
not likely that the species became established. The severe freeze of the 
winter of 1892 completely checked the bark-beetle outbreak, and no 
doubt the diminution of their natural food supply was an important 
factor in the failure of the European clerids to become established. 
Where it is possible to so time bark beetle control operations as to 
prevent the destruction of these predators and utilize their beneficial 
effect along with control, it should be done. Observations indicate 
that they occasionally become so numerous during extensive bark- 
beetle outbreaks that they play a very considerable part in bringing 
the epidemic to a close. 
KEY TO THE MORE COMMON GENERA OF CLERIDAE WHOSE LARVAE ARE FOUND 
ASSOCIATED WITH BARK BEETLES AND WOOD BORERS 
1 Omecorpnono cells sree ee a AU ee gn te ES 2 
pV ORORMNORCKOGE Lite: era see wee Lea eae ee Orne Ee 3 
2 Ninth segment without a chitinized plate___________- Orthopleura 
Ninth segment bearing a chitinized plate_____________ Monophylla 
3: Three ocelli; associated with wood borera________.____ Cymatodera 
Nironesthangtimeezocel lies ate he pee ee 2 oe Pie eS 4 
4 Four ocelli; associated with powder-post beetles_______ Tarsosienus 
IFRsi RYZE Cll pees tenga Aci YY oe ores WARIO ee ots es a wh ek 5 
5 No armature on ninth abdominal segment; found in egg galleries of 
SOON RGIS See ee Ce ore ON AIA 7) 
ENGINES BORCSE Miers oer ew reer a eh Pe oc ee a 6 
6. Bodiystatimelyalblmisieetme laa a eS. eee ee vi 
Body strongly colored; associated with bark beetles 
Enoclerus, Thanasinus 
le Body robust; found in the galleries of wood borers_ _---- Chartessa 
Body elongate; found in scolytid galleries_______-_-- Phyllobaenus 
SPECIES OF CLERIDAE 
Chariessa pilosa (Forst.) is a rather strikingly colored beetle 7.5 to 
13 mm. in length, wedge-shaped, and depressed (fig. 41). The thorax 
is red with two wide black stripes and the wing covers are black. The 
eyes are notched in front, and the last three joints of the antennae are 
large and dilated. The larva is somewhat more robust’ than most 
clerids, widest in the middle and of a bluish tinge with five ocelli, sev- 
eral abdominal ampullae, and the ninth segment bearing two recurved 
hooks on a lightly chitinized plate with four rows of impressions. It 
is probably the most common clerid in the eastern part of the United 
States and is predaceous on a number of wood-boring larvae in various 
hardwoods. The adults are active throughout the summer, feeding 
on insects attracted to freshly cut logs. Eggs are laid in crevices of 
the bark, the larvae feeding for two seasons before they pupate in the 
spring, usually in the gallery of a wood borer. 
Cymatodera bicolor (Say) isan elongate, subcylindrical, black beetle 
from 5 to 10 mm. in length, with thorax, palpi, and basal joints of 
antennae reddish yellow. The purplish larva is elongate, rather ro- 
bust, with three ocelli, and the thoracic shield and ninth abdominal 
plate are well sclerotized; the latter has two recurved hooks. This 
