INSECT ENEMIES OF EASTERN FORESTS 201 
Two other species that are hkewise common are Cymatodera inor- 
nata and C. undulata (Say), the latter usually found in branches 
attacking a variety of hosts. 
‘ Enoclerus quadrisignatus (Say) isa brightly colored, red-and-black 
beetle, 8 to 12 mm. in length, with the last three joints of the antennae 
forming a conical club. ~The thorax, head, base of wing covers, and 
under parts are dull red, but the remainder is black, w ith two yellow- 
ish cross bars on the wing covers. 
In appearance and habits the larvae are similar to those of Thanasi- 
mus dubius (fg. 42) except that this form feeds in hardwoods, chiefly 
on Scolytus in hickory. The adults are nocturnal. They are found in 
the eastern part of the United States. 
Enoclerus ichneumoneus (F.) is quite similar to 2. guadrisignatus 
and feeds in hickory, but is diurnal. #. /wnatus (Spinola) is common 
in the South on fruit trees attacked by Scolytus rugulosus (Ratz.). 
Both the adults and larvae of &. quadriguttatus are predaceous on sco- 
lytids in conifers and hardwoods. It is also found in the eastern part 
of the United States. 
Thanasimus dubius is a very active, antlike, bright-colored, very 
hairy beetle, from 7 to 10 mm. in length. The head, thorax, under 
surface and base of the elytra, and usually the legs, are dull red. There 
are two red cross bars on the elytra. The larvae is elongate (fig. 42), 
fusiform, and with five ocelli. The thoracic shield and ninth abdom- 
inal plate are well chitinized, and the latter bears two recurved hooks. 
The larva is purplish with brown sclerotized markings. 
This is one of the most important predators of destructive bark 
beetles in the eastern part of the United States and southwest to Texas. 
Both the adults and larvae are predaceous. Hopkins (230, p. 262) 
gave the following description of it: 
The American bark beetle destroyer * * * is often quite common on the 
bark of spruce trees infested with bark beetles. * * * It passes the winter 
in all stages from larva to adult in the bark in which it is bred, the latter some- 
times in the loose bark and moss at the base of the tree. The adults appear in 
the spring, soon after the bark beetles commence to emerge from their winter 
quarters and fly to the trees, logs, or tops, which are infested with bark beetles. 
There they station themselves beneath loose flakes of bark, awaiting an oppor- 
tunity to pounce upon any bark beetle that comes near. They also move rapidly 
about over the bark in search of the prey, or the entrances to the bark beetle 
galleries in which the females deposit their eggs. The eggs soon hatch into 
minute active worms which find their way into the egg and brood galleries of the 
bark beetles where they feast upon the eggs and young found there until they 
have attained their full growth, when they leave the inner bark and ¢rcavate 
cavities in the outer corky bark in which they change to pupae and adults. * * * 
This clerid attacks and feeds upon all kinds of bark beetles which infest spruce 
and pine and has been found attacking bark beetles in deciduous trees. 
It doubtless exerts a considerable influence in prev Core the undue increase 
and devastations of pine and spruce bark beetles. * 
Thanasimus nigriventris (Lec.) occurs in the Lake States and the 
Middle West. 7. undulatus (Say) is generally distributed and has 
habits similar to those of 7’. dubcus. 
Monophylla terminata (Say) is an elongate, subcylindrical, black 
beetle, 5 to 7 mm. in length, having the thorax yellow with a black 
disk, and the sides of the elytra yellow. The eyes are deeply emar- 
ginate in front, and the last joint of the antenna is as large or larger 
than all others combined. The larva is elongate, white, and soft tex- 
tured, and has one ocellus and two well-separated hooks on the ninth 
