INSECT ENEMIES OF EASTERN FORESTS PALI 
pressed, elongate, brownish or black beetles with entire wing covers 
and rather short legs. 
The larvae are likewise, with few exceptions, very flat and are 
covered with a tough shining integument. The head projects, and 
the ventral mouth parts are somewhat retracted. The mixillary stipes 
is free with the articulating sclerite well developed, the mala is simple, 
the cardo undivided; the mandibles depressed with a well-developed 
molar structure and often a retinaculum, or hook. The legs are well 
developed and five-jointed. The spiracles are annular, and the ninth 
abdominal segment often bears armatures. 
Cucujus clavipes F. (fig. 43, 1) is a conspicuous, bright red, ex- 
ceedingly flat beetle, 10 to 14 mm. in length with the sides of the head, 
thorax, and elytra nearly parallel. The antennae are black. The larva 
is readily distinguished by the bifurcate fork of the ninth abdominal 
segment. The larvae are very common under the bark of dead trees, 
where they feed on the decaying inner bark. They construct oval 
pupal cells between the bark and the wood, in which the larvae are 
often found. Laemophloeus biguttatus Say is a small depressed 
form found under bark. Its larva is peculiar in that the eighth ab- 
dominal segment is large and, together with the pronged forks of the 
ninth, forms a springing apparatus which can forcibly project the 
Jarva into the air. U/ezota spp. are small, dark, depressed beetles, the 
larvae of which have a pair of projections from both the eighth and 
ninth abdominal segments. 
Famity COLYDIIDAE 
The Cylindrical Bark Beetles 
The cylindrical bark beetles are represented by a number of small 
elongate, slender forms, rarely over 5 mm. in length, and often not 
more than half this size. They are reddish brown to nearly black 
and beautifully sculptured giving the appearance of being carved 
from copper. Thesmall globular front and middle coxae, four-jointed 
tarsi, entire elytra and gradually thickening antennae, usually ending 
in a two-jointed club will distinguish these beetles from their allies. 
The larvae are elongate, cylindrical, with projecting head, and two 
recurved spines with a saclike depression between, which occur on the 
ninth abdominal segment. The ventral mouth parts are deeply re- 
tracted and the maxillae free but not sickle-shaped. The mandible 
has a well-developed molar structure. ‘The legs are well developed 
and 5-jointed, and the spiracles are bifore. 
There are two types of larvae in the family representing quite dif- 
ferent habits. Aulonium ferrugineum Zimm., A. parallelopipedum 
(Say), Lasconotus pusillus Lec., and L. referendarius Zimm., are of 
the more robust form and are found under bark associated with bark 
beetles. They are scavengers as far as records indicate. On the other 
hand, Nematidiwm mustela Pasc., Bitoma carinata (Lec.), and Coly- 
dium lineola Say are very elongate slender forms which follow in 
the tunnels of ambrosia beetles, cossonids, and some other borers de- 
stroying the larvae of these insects. Synchita fuliginosa Melsh. is 
associated with bark infested by fungi, especially the chestnut bark 
disease Endothia. The adults eat the sporophores. 
