INSECT ENEMIES OF EASTERN FORESTS 239 
striate, while the ampullae are prominent and granulate. Legs are 
present. The larva feeds in dead hickory, oak, and other hardwoods 
throughout the Eastern and Central States, al ln long tunnels under 
the bark and through the wood, exuding quantities of granular frass. 
The adults appear from early to late in the summer, ‘depositing the 
eggs beneath crevices of the bark or directly on the wood. For the 
first season the larvae feed beneath the bark, deeply scarring the wood 
and exuding large quantities of granular frass through small circular 
openings. Duri ing the fall and the followi ing summer, they bore deeply 
and extensively through the wood, often completely honeycombing 
sticks 2 or more inches in diameter. These mines are loosely packed 
with frass. At the end of the wood burrow the pupal cell is made 
between two wads of fibrous frass, one of which protrudes from the 
bark through a hole made by the larva and through which the adult 
emerges. Pupation takes place in the fall, with either the pupa or 
the adult overwinter ing, or in the spring. Cordwood and rustic work 
are attacked and seriously injured by these borers, and the exudation 
of large quantities of frass frequently becomes a nuisance. For con- 
trol measures see page 42. 
Aneflus protensus Lec., the mesquite-branch borer, is a very elon- 
gate, cylindrical beetle from 20 to 30 mm. in length, hight or dark 
= 
brown, marked with grayish pubescence. ‘The basal joints of the an- 
TTSANRSHANA A | 
D 
Figure 51.—Head capsules of cerambycid larvae: A, Homaesthesis emarginatus, 
dorsal view; B, Chion cinctus, ventral; C, Stenocorus lineatus, ventral; D, 
Monochamus scutellatus (Say), ventral; EL, Oncideres cingulatus (Say), dor- 
sal; Ff, Asemum nitidwm, ventral; G. Tylonotus bimaculatus, dorsal. 
792440°—49 16 
